image source: Figure 13-9 from Arens, Elder, and Beasley, Auditing and Assurance Services: An Integrated Approach, 15th ed
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Planning the audit
AICPA Principles of Performance:
“The auditor must adequately plan the work and must properly supervise any assistants” Why plan?
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Early Audit Planning Aids in Risk Assessment
Acceptable audit risk (AAR): how willing the auditor is to unknowingly fail to appropriately modify his or her opinion on FS that are materially misstated
Inherent risk (IR): the possibility of a material misstatement occurring in an assertion assuming no related internal controls
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Client Acceptance/Continuance
Auditor needs to consider risk that the firm will suffer a loss as a result of association with a client
Other factors the auditor needs to consider include: o Expertise and staffing o Independence o Company/management integrity o Accounting practices o Client’s reputation and image o Company’s financial status o Profitability of the engagement o Industry risks
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Client Acceptance - Discussions with predecessor auditors
AS 84 (AU 315)
Steps in communication
Step 1
Successor auditor Step 3 (can be limited response) Client
Predecessor auditor Step 2 (client must ok) Focus of the Successor Auditor’s Inquiry: o the reason for the termination of the relationship o disagreements with management about accounting principles o identification of important risk are o the nature of communications with the client regarding fraud, illegal acts or internal control concerns o facts bearing on management's integrity o arrangements for gaining access to prior year’s workpapers
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
SOX effects on acceptance/continuance
Lower tolerance for risk
Increased independence requirements
Management communications re IC and business risks
Company code of ethics
Increased role of the AC in the audit process
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Client Acceptance/Continuance - Obtain an engagement letter
SAS 108 (AU 310)
ALL audits, not just initial engagements
Public companies: o o o Documents scope of services, limitations, expectations
Identifies constraints and deadlines
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Develop Overall Audit Strategy
A preliminary strategy aids in determining resources needed
Engagement staffing, remember:
“Auditors are responsible for having appropriate competence and capabilities to perform the audit.”
Assess need for outside specialists based on client’s business o evaluate specialist’s professional qualifications o understand the objectives and scope of specialist’s work o evaluate whether specialist is objective
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Section 6 – Audit Planning and Analytical Procedures
Preliminary planning process
image source: Figure 8-4 from