South American Women

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Still today, no country in the world, no matter the level of development, offers a societal organization allowing men and women to participate equally to economical, social, civic, cultural and political life. Yet, women represent over half of the world's whole population and still their input to the economic activity is below its potential. The last decades have marked a significant evolution, nevertheless the labor markets remain divided by gender and the process towards gender equity got somehow frozen. Male participation in labor force market remains above female participation; women perform the biggest part of the unpaid work, while female presence in high level positions remains low. Moreover, big salary gaps are still common, just as …show more content…
Education has enabled to more than a half of the female population to enter labor market. South American women are reaching globally leading proportions of representatives in politics, with first female political leaders starting from early 90’s; when many countries of Europe have never elected any female representatives yet. Women are starting to gain more influence, to reach a high level of empowerment; the key factor to social transformation, political stability and economical growth. Yet, discrimination remains. Out of 20,000 women surveyed in Colombia and Chile disclosed that 64% of the surveyed women felt discriminated at work and only 34% were happy about their professional situation. The increasing participation of women in the labor force, and more generally in the society –through their insertion, integration and inclusion; plays an important role in reducing poverty in South America. It also results in many other positive consequences and opportunities. South American women’s increased participation in the global world would readjust their positioning and highlight their very special capacities, practices and knowledge. The South American socio-cultural background that characterizes its women, has a lot to offer to the rest of the …show more content…
Culture is considered as a 'miniature society' (Silverman, 1970). Thus, to anchor culture in its social environment, the sociocultural term is meant to designate sociological phenomenas, explained through the prevailing cultural parameters. Culture is a complex concept, but according to Hofstede culture is an acquired process of “mental programs”, by analogy with computer programs. He defines culture as 'the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or class of persons from another.'
The Cultures of South America are based on and characterized by the juxtaposition of various cultural traditions and backgrounds: the native cultures of so-called “indigenous” people, who were present on the continent prior to the arrival of Europeans; European cultures, brought mainly by Spanish, Portuguese and French migrants; African cultures, derived from slavery; and the United States, through global mass culture such as traditional and social medias. In South America, gender relations are culturally shaped by a code of conduct, based on the notion of "honor". The oldest woman of the family is the representative of family honor and of the hierarchical position of her family in the community and so, society. Their wide cultural background, values and identity enhance their global empowerment potential. However, boundaries still exist. It is on the same continent we observe the highest domestic violence
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