Stroop Effect

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Studies of the Stroop Effects in Psychology 12
Abanob Nakoula
University of California, Riverside

Abstract

The phenomenon known as the Stroop effect was studied by testing students from the Psychology 12 class at the University of California, Riverside with the Stroop test. Students were given the test twice and their response times and percentage correct for each participant was recorded under 2 different conditions, normal and interference. The response times and accuracy tended to be improve when presented with normal (congruent) stimuli than interference (incongruent) stimuli. This shows how the Stroop effect has a measurable and observable effect on the mind’s cognitive processing. Participants also had faster …show more content…
In Stroop’s experiment the participants were given colors printed out in a conflicting color, and then were asked to name the color that the text is printed in and not the actual word. So the color “red” would be written in the color green and the answer would be green, or the text “purple” would be written in blue and the answer would be blue, etc. This became know as the Stroop test. Stroop observed that that the participants were more likely to have a delayed response or incorrectly answer with the wrong color, interference; this was referred to as the Stroop effect (Stroop 1935). The interference that is caused by the Stroop effect depends on whether the variable presented is congruent or incongruent. Stroop observed that when the variables are congruent, when the color word matches the color it’s written in, it was much easier and faster for participants to process the information and answer correctly. Participant responses were delayed and sometimes wrong when the variable was incongruent, when the color word doesn’t match the color it is written in. (Stroop …show more content…
Culler (1912) experiment involved subjects using a typewriter and press on specific keys corresponding to a specific set of numbers. Culler observed the Stroop effect when the subjects had delayed or inaccurate responses when he switched some of the keys and now 4 of the numbers correspond with different fingers then the ones used before he switched them. Kahneman and Chajczyk (1983) also performed an experiment similar to that of Stroop’s, where subjects had to name the color of a bar that was next to a written color that was a different, or incongruent, to the colored bar next to it. Kahneman and Chajczyk also observed how the Stroop effect wasn’t so clear to observe when the participants repeated the experiment for a second time. This weakened Stroop effect was known as the Stroop dilution and it refers to how the response times and accuracy of subjects were faster and more correct the second time performing the experiment even with interference. This shows how practice and repeating trials decreases interference (Culler 1912).
Our study requires replication of the Stroop experiment through a Stroop test provided online and to observe the Stroop effect among the participants. We want to test out if incongruent information truly leads to a worse performance by affecting our cognitive processes. Specifically if mismatched color words and the actual colors effect the reaction time
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