Questions On Communication

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Study Guide for Exam 1
Chapter 1 1. Average media usage a) More than half of our waking lives b) More time than we sleep 2. American mass media c) Greater influence d) Bigger business e) $276 billion 3. The communication process (definitions of different types of communication) f) Intrapersonal: communication within one person g) Interpersonal: direct sharing of experience between two people h) Mass Communication: communication from one person or group of persons through a transmitting device to large audiences or markets 4. Media are profit-centered (different types of ownership) i) Cross-media ownership: owns multiple media forecasts i. Ex) news corporations j) Conglomerates: corporation that owns more than just media ii. Ex) GE k) Vertical integration: controlling related media iii. Ex) Walt Disney 5. Pros & cons of concentrated ownership l) Pros: iv. Employee training v. Higher wages vi. Better working conditions vii. Greater resources m) Cons: viii. Limits diversity of opinion ix. Loss of message pluralism x. Authoritarian corporate culture 6. The changing technologies (three information revolutions) n) 1st info revolution xi. pictographs (3500 B.C.) xii. Phonetic writing (1000 B.C.) xiii. Parchment (200 B.C.) o) 2nd info revolution xiv. printing (1455) xv. spread of knowledge 1. storability, portability, accessibility p) 3rd info revolution xvi. computer technology xvii. satellite broadcasting, digital recording, global network 7. Digital delivery (two-way and interactive) q) Two-way xviii. Instantaneous feedback

Chapter 2 1. “The culture and commerce of publishing” a) Fickle and uncertain market for books b) Industry decentralized in sectors with diverse operations c) Operations mix mass production and artistic craft d) Poised between requirements of commerce and obligations of preserving symbolic culture 2. Early book publishing (all the 1sts) e) 1st American printing press in Cambridge, Mass (1638) f) 1st book published in America: Bay Psalm Book (1640) g) Ben Franklin established 1st American Library (1731) 3. Three influential events in for publishing h) International copyright law of 1891 i. Requirement to pay authors royalties, both foreign and domestic ii. Shift toward publishing American authors i) Publishing Houses iii. Large book-related firms j) Compulsory education iv. Public edu by 1900 v. Textbook publishing 4. Paperbacks (1939) k) Pocket books vi. $0.25 a copy l) democratized reading 5. Authors and agents m) PPT 6. Pursuit of higher profits n) Subsidiary rights vii. Negotiated rates for movies, book clubs, paperbacks, merchandising viii. International rights o) Blockbusters ix. Pursuit of best-selling authors, creating “brand loyalty” in readers x. Advances in the millions of dollars 7. Google book project p) Google contracted with libraries to scan books q) Potential to find any work through search terms r) Controversial xi. Other concern over Google controlling so much content
Chapter 3 1. Colonial newspapers a) Public Occurrence (1690) i. Only one issue, 1st American newspaper b) Boston News-Letter (1704) ii. 1st consecutive American newspaper iii. “published by authority” c) New England Courant (1721) iv. 1st independent newspaper v. first newspaper without “Published by authority” d) Pennsylvania Gazzett (1729)
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