How are cells and atoms related? What is different about them? What is the same/similar?
Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up organisms.
Atoms are the smallest
Atoms are the basic building blocks for everything
Cells only make up living organisms.
How do you determine total magnification in a microscope?
To determine the total magnification in a microscope you have to: multiply the ocular lens magnification by the objective lens magnification.
How is it related to field-of-view?
They are related because the higher the magnification, the smaller the field of view.
For example (about):
4x (40x) = 4500 um
10x (100x) = 1500 um
40x (400x) = 412.5 um
How do you determine field-of-view in a microscope?
For Low and Medium Power:
Use a clear plastic ruler and count the number of whole millimeter spaces. Estimate the remaining in decimals.
Convert this measurement into micrometers.
For High Power and Oil Immersion:
Find the constant (field diameter x total magnification) of either the low or medium power.
Use this constant to find the high power by doing the following:
Constant / total magnification = field diameter for high power
What is a unique feature in a plant cell that is meant to be in the light?
A unique feature in a plant cell called the chloroplast is responsible for absorbing sunlight that will then be taken and used in the process of photosynthesis.
What is the relationship between cells and carbon atoms?
Cells are made of four organic molecules and all of these organic molecules are made up of carbon atoms like most everything else that lives.
Why is carbon so important to life? Carbon is small and doesn’t take up a lot of space
Carbon is a tramp and will bond with almost any atom that is near it, even itself.
Carbon makes up everything
Carbon makes up organic molecules, which make up cells, which make up organisms.
What are the most common elements in living organisms?
CHNOPS:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphate
Sulfur
What are four important basic types of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates = provide a quick source of energy (primary source)
Hexagonal ring shape made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Sugar (candy), Bread, Pasta, Rice, Wheat, Corn
Proteins = make up body structure and body parts
Made of amino acids that are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Meat, beans, fish
Lipids = provide energy storage and insulation (stored as fat, can be burned as sugar)
Long chains of Carbon and Hydrogen
Saturated = no double bond, straight chain, solid at room temp, unhealthy, All H’s are filled (butter)
Unsaturated = double carbon bond, kinky, liquid at room temp, healthy, not all H’s are filled (olive oil)
Nucleic Acids = carry instructions for cell processes. Make up DNA and RNA.
Made of nucleotides
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Animals usually store energy reserves as lipids; plants use starches. What is the advantage of store energy in lipids?
The advantage in storing energy in lipids is that lipids provide 2x the amount of energy output that starches would provide.
How do so many different proteins exist?
It is possible for so many proteins to exist because proteins are made of amino acids and there are twenty different amino acids. A protein can be made from different lengths and amounts of these amino acids therefore a large amount of total combinations can be made .
What are the main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are much simpler cells than eukaryotes in the sense that they are not as developed and they do not have as many parts especially the fact that prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus and eukaryotes do not.
Name some anatomy differences/similarities.
Eukaryotes have defined nucleus and Prokaryotes don’t.
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organisms and Prokaryotes don’t.
Eukaryotes divide through mitosis and Prokaryotes divide through binary fission.
What are the main organelles
