Summary: Bone Marrow Transplant

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“Bone Marrow Transplant”
Bone Marrow transplant is a procedure to replace damaged bone marrow, with healthy bone marrow stem cells. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones, such as hips and thigh. Bone marrow contains stem cells. A Bone marrow transplant can treat; several forms of leukemia, lymphoma, severe aplastic anemia, sickle cell disease, and hereditary immune system diseases just to name few. A bone marrow transplant is a major medical procedure. A bone marrow transplant can be the difference between life and death for some patients.
Bone marrow transplant use hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic cells are the immature cells that start in the bone marrow and eventually develop into the various types of mature blood cells. …show more content…
Edward Donnall Thomas is the founding “father of bone marrow transplantation”. Thomas was born on March 15,1920 in Mart, Texas. Dr. Thomas passed away at the age of 92 in Seattle, Washington on October 20, 2012. Dr. Edward Thomas received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1946. Dr. Thomas showed “interest in the possibility of hematopoietic-cell transplantation was sparked in 1949, during his residency at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, when he learned of Leon Jacobson's experiment showing that a mouse exposed to otherwise lethal irradiation would survive if its spleen, or in later studies its marrow, was shielded. That its survival was due to a cellular rather than humoral effect was proven several years later, when researchers showed that irradiated mice given an infusion of marrow with a chromosome marker recovered with marrow cells exclusively of donor origin. With that experiment, Thomas became convinced of the clinical potential of human marrow transplantation”. In 1956, Dr. Edward Thomas performed the first successful bone marrow transplant on an identical twin, in New York. Dr. Edward Thomas received The Nobel Prize in physiology in …show more content…
There are two types of transplants sources. Autologous transplant cells are collected from a patient’s own cell. Autologous donation harvest cells, from a patient’s own healthy cells, but their healthy cells will be destroyed with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. An autologous harvest occurs before chemotherapy or radiation. Allogeneic donation harvests cells from a donor. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation accounts for more than 25,000 transplants performed annually.
The recipients and donor are matched by the way of human leukocyte antigen typing. Human leukocyte antigen typing tests for proteins, that exists on the surface of most cells in the body. Human leukocyte markers help the body differentiate normal cells from foreign cells. The closest match between donor and recipient reduces the risk of the body rejecting the new stem cells. The antigens on the surface of these white blood cells determine the distinct genetic makeup of a individual's immune
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