Lister-Landman examined the emotions and behavioral effects that teenagers have when trying to understand the type of relationship a teenager has with their cell phones. In addition, the study on compulsive texting examines the effects on the grades the teenagers received if they had a compulsive texting problem and found there was a gender difference between females and males. For instance, Kelly M. Lister-Landman said “[…] girls text compulsively at a far higher rate than boys do. And unlike girls, boys in the study who were compulsive texters were not at risk of doing poorly in school” (Rabin, 2015). Additionally, other studies conducted that dealt with the impact of texting and academic grades found similar results, but many researchers do not know if compulsive texting is a direct cause of lower school performance. Besides that, researchers conducted studies on college students and had similar results as the researchers who conducted studies on teenagers. Furthermore, these studies have been compared with excessive internet use that is linked with sleeping