The discussion about Borderlands and Frontiers reinvents the story of early American history. Hamalainnen explores the economic, political, and cultural characteristics of the Comanche history in his book The Comanche Empire. His use of the term ‘empire’ to describe the Comanche has been scrutinized by scholars because of the terms alignment with European expansionist powers, but Hamalainnen uses the term to describe the dominance of the Comanche spatially. His explanations challenge assumptions of imperial colonialism in North America and the extent of Native control on territorial claims, cultural influence, and the control of trade. The history of the borderlands is most concerned with space: frontiers, lines, landscapes, native grounds,
