Summary of White pine regeneration dynamics at the species’ northern limit of continuous distribution Overview This paper is mainly talked about white pine in northern part. In few past centuries, the range of white pine has already become small. But people still have limit information about the northern limit of continuous distribution. In this paper, authors found out that, by using different management methods in northern range limits.
Introduction Eastern white pine is a native species in North America. And it plays an important in ecological, economic, social and cultural. However, in last few centuries the amount and range of this species has decreased. And the recover and management of white pine become important.
There have three proposes of study. First, making sure the white pine regeneration’s continuous distributions of white pine regeneration of northern limits. Secondly, assessing the damage of blister rust, weevil, and herbivory. Last, defining under what microhabitat condition, the regeneration of white pine is the most helpful.
And authors listed five hypotheses, which may affect white pine regeneration. 1). Canopy cover will influence the regeneration most. 2). The competition between other species. 3). The space between white pine stands and other living trees. 4). Blister rust and weevil may affect the regeneration of white pine. 5). An appropriate part for budding.
Methods La Verendrye Wildlife Reserve in western Quebec is the study area. This area conforms to the northern limits of whit pine distribution. First, they chose 22 stands. And in each stand, authors built a 20m*20m quadrat. In those quadrats, there must have no less than three whit pine seed trees. And every tree in quadrats should be record the DBH and species. And slope,