Lopez and United States v. Morrison, the court held that Congress lacked power under the Commerce Clause to regulate noncommercial activities. In these cases, Thomas wrote a concurring opinion arguing for the original meaning of the Commerce Clause.In Gonzales v. Raich, the court interpreted that the Interstate Commerce Clause combined with the Necessary and Proper Clause to empower the federal government to prosecute, arrest, and imprison people who used marijuana grown at home for medicinal purposes, even when the activity is legal in that particular state. Thomas dissented in Gonzales V. Raich , arguing again for the original meaning of the Commerce Clause. In Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, he was the only justice who agreed with the Fourth Circuit that congress had the power to authorize the president's detention of U.S. citizens who are enemy combatants. Justice Thomas had granted the federal government the "strongest presumptions" and said "due process requires nothing more than a good-faith executive determination" to justify the imprisonment of a U.S. citizen. John Yoo which is a former clerk and law professor said that “Thomas Supports allowing religious groups more participation In everyday