Symptom Self-Management

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Chapter 2 This chapter explains how Theory of Symptom Self-Management (TSSM) guides my research frame. The TSSM is a middle-range theory. The TSSM provides the understanding for the process of symptom self-management and the outcomes (Hoffman, 2013). There has been a crucial evidence that increasing symptom self-management in acute or chronic diseases reduces or prevents negative health outcomes (Hoffman, 2013; World Health Orgnanization, 2008 & 2007). The TSSM proposes that healthcare providers tailor or enhance interventions for patients with unpleasant symptoms to produce better performance outcome (Hoffman, 2013). Nowadays, Institute of Medicine and the World health Organization strongly support with this theoretical frame that self-management intervention empowers patients control their health (World Health Organization, 2008). This paper explains each concept or component and dynamic relationships between them. My research proposal will be focusing key concepts which are symptoms, symptoms self-management, and performance outcomes in the TSSM.
Theory of Symptom …show more content…
(2009) developed TSSM via combining the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS) and Self Efficacy Theory (See Figure 1). Self-management is considered as an important success factor or main source for disease management in the TSSM (Hoffman, 2013). The outcomes in the TSSM were evaluated by functional and cognitive performance (Hoffman, 2013). Perceived self-efficacy for symptom self-management, perceived self-efficacy (PSE) enhancing interventions, and patients characteristics are engaged in this process. Ultimately, it proposes that patients use an effective intervention by assisting healthcare providers to enhance PSE to control their symptoms (Hoffman, 2013). All concepts are related to each other, but perceived self-efficacy for symptom self-management acts as a mediator between symptoms and symptom self-management (Hoffman,

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