Synopsis: The Learning Theory Approach Essays

Submitted By StellaGilder1
Words: 607
Pages: 3
Open Document
Stella Gilder
A synopsis of The Learning Theory Approach

Throughout history, Psychology as a science has evolved from the early teachings of Plato and Socrates who firmly believed that the mind and body were indeed separate entities. Founders of modern Psychology or Empiricists such as Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704) and David Hume (1711-1776) defined the view that all knowledge comes via our sense and experiences and that infants are born in a blank states known as ‘Tabula Rasa’.
From these theories, Scientist began to investigate the working of the mind, but based their assumption that all behaviour was learnt from the environment, they did not take into account evolution, adaptation or cognitive processes involved in human learning patterns. These investigations were also based on the principal that animals and humans were governed by the same laws of learning. Because of this ethos animals were therefore utilised in scientific based experiments and the outcomes defined as all behaviours across all species.
The Behaviourist movement was initiated in 1913 by John Watson (1878-1958) when he wrote an article for The Psychological Review ‘Psychology as the Behaviourist views it’ this consequently became known as the ‘Behaviourists manifesto’
The behaviourist movement used previous principles and investigations of Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) a Russian scientist, who whilst working in laboratory conditions with dogs, discovered a link between a reflex response (saliva production)) and a sound or visual stimulus. Further investigation into this phenomenon, resulted in Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning. This proved that behaviour could be reconditioned, in this case to produce salvia to the sound of a bell. The theory, however, was only applicable to reflex responses; the investigations were carried out under clinical conditions, to limit environmental influences in order to produce quantative data. There is some evidence that children may have been subjected to similar testing which of course brings into question the ethical validity of the studies.
Classical conditioning techniques are still used to great effect by today’s therapists; several variations of the technique are used, Systemic desensitisation and flooding/implosion to treat phobias, and aversion therapy to treat addictions.
As the Behaviourist movement developed other Psychologists proceeded to develop alternative theories of learning. The most prolific of these were Watson (1878-1948) Behaviourism, Edward Thorndike (1874-1949) Connectionism, B.F. Skinner (1904-1996)
Show More

Related Documents: Synopsis: The Learning Theory Approach Essays

Essay Homework 6

Read "Do As I Do," Phillip Quigley, APICS – The Performance Advantage, Sep 200, p 58 Write a brief synopsis, highlighting the major points. The future of an organization depends on trust. Loyalty starts at the top and goes down, and when you take care of people, they will take care of you. Recently, management did not seem to think about people and the common words at an organization look to be downsizing, layoffs and so on. On the other hand, it is a fact that the only competitive advantage that…

Words 1919 - Pages 8

Case Study: Fletcher Jones and Continental Airlines Managerial Leadership Essay

CASE STUDY: FLETCHER JONES AND CONTINENTAL AIRLINES MANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 SYNOPSIS 3 THEORY OF THE BUSINESS 4 COMPETING VALUES FRAMEWORK 5 4 + 2 FORMULA 7 THE FIVE PRACTICES OF EXEMPLARY LEADERSHIP 10 CONCLUSION 12 REFERENCES 14 APPENDIXES 15 Appendix 1 – Theory of the Business 15 Appendix 2 – Competing Values Framework 16 Appendix 3 - 4 + 2 Model 17 Appendix…

Words 3991 - Pages 16

Guide To Writing Teaching Notes

Centre for Case Studies 7 99 2011 002 Guide to Writing Teaching Notes – May 2011, September 2014 Produced by Professor Anne MESNY and marginally revised by professor Alix MANDRON 1 As a “public” document intended for the management teaching community (particularly at the university level), the teaching notes that accompany a case study serve three complementary objectives: • To allow instructors who are considering using a case to quickly decide whether it is suitable for their own teaching objectives…

Words 2002 - Pages 9

Finance: United States Army and Leadership Issues Essay

LEARNING THE LESSONS OF LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE: TOOLS FOR INTERACTIVE CASE METHOD ANALYSIS Randall W. Hill, Jr., Andrew S. Gordon, and Julia M. Kim Institute for Creative Technologies University of Southern California 13274 Fiji Way, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 ABSTRACT The Army Excellence in Leadership (AXL) project at the University of Southern California’s Institute for Creative Technologies is aimed at supporting the acquisition of tacit knowledge of military leadership through the development…

Words 5673 - Pages 23

What Parameters Does Zambia Development Agency Have To Measure Innovation?

Mulungushi University The Innovation Framework [Draft Report] By Chisulo Brian Question: What parameters does Zambia Development Agency have to measure Innovation? 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this research is to basically estimate to what level innovation is in Zambia and if at all measures such as a framework are in place. Innovation generally refers to renewing…

Words 5629 - Pages 23

Structural Analysis Course Outline Essay

ENEC12007 Structural Analysis Course Outline Department of Engineering Degree ENEC12007 Structural Analysis Unit details Department : Engineering Degree Unit Title : Structural Analysis Unit Code : ENEC12007 Perquisites : PHYS1184 Engineering Physics A & MATH11219 Engineering Mathematics Campus & Mode : ACK Mishref, Internal Unit Weight : 6 credits Teaching Staff : Dr. S. M. Soleimani, Eng. ....................... Contact details Unit coordinator/lecturer…

Words 2991 - Pages 12

Arctic Mining Consultants Final Essay

A Arctic Mining Consultants Group Case Study Organizational Behaviour ___College March 7, 2013 Completed by: Table of Contents Content | Page Number | Summary | 3 | Synopsis | 3 | Human Resource Significance | 4 | SWOT Analysis | 5 | Issues and Symptoms | 6 | Issue 1: Individual Behaviour, Personality and Values | 6 | Issue 2: Perception and Control | 8 | Issue 3: Emotions, Attitudes & Stress | 8 | Issue 4: Lack of…

Words 7263 - Pages 30

Inclusion Practices in Education Essay examples

Special Education Inclusion What is OnWEAC? Welcome to OnWEAC, the Web site of the Wisconsin Education Association Council. WEAC represents 98,000 K-12 public school teachers and education support professionals, faculty and support staff in the Wisconsin Technical College System, education and information professionals employed by the state, retired members, and university students studying to become educators. OnWEAC provides services to members and non-members, including a database…

Words 4521 - Pages 19

Economics: Leadership and Subordinates Essay

capabilities, lack motivation, and may be dissatisfied. This chapter describes what leadership is and examines major leadership models and theories that have been developed by various researchers. It also describes how managers engaging in transformational leadership can have a dramatic impact upon their organization and discusses the impact of gender on leadership. Learning Objectives 1. Describe what leadership is, when leaders are effective and ineffective, and the sources of power that enable managers…

Words 8162 - Pages 33

governmental accounting Essay

The budgetary interview: Intentional learning for students in governmental and non-profit accounting Larita Killian ⇑ Division of Business, Indiana University-Purdue University Columbus (IUPUC), 4601 Central Avenue, Columbus, IN 47203, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Available online 30 April 2013 Keywords: Intentional learning Self-directed learning Governmental and non-profit accounting Learning-to-learn a b s t r a c t Learning-to-learn skills are critical to the…

Words 7194 - Pages 29