With that being said, this quote helps prove his point that racism is a fact of life in America and that the black experience is terrible in America. In this book, Coats alludes to many poems that relate to the black experience, one of which is the middle passage. The Middle Passage, is a poem written by Robert Hayden, and is about the black experience on board slave ships making their way from West Africa to the West Indies. The poem describes the trip of the Middle Passage as horrific and terrible as most people died during the trip “Without ventilation or sufficient water, about 15% grew sick and died” (“The Middle Passage”). The reason Coates alludes to this poem is because he agrees with its views on black experience and on how horrific and terrible it is. One of the verses in the middle passage truly describes how horrific it is, “A charnel stench, effluvium of living death spreads outward from the hold, where the living and the dead, the horribly dying, lie interlocked, lie foul with blood and excrement.” (“Robert Hayden”). This section in the poem sums up what it was like in the hold where the slaves were