According to the Secretary of War Henry Stimson, “I felt that to extract a genuine surrender from the Emperor and his military advisers, they must be administered a tremendous shock which would carry convincing proof of our power to destroy the Empire. Such an effective shock would save many times the number of lives, both American and Japanese, that it would cast.” It was estimated that the Japanese Army had about five million men, and there was no indication of them weakening in their determination to fight (Stimson). Even if the Emperor had officially surrendered the military would have continued fighting for her country. The United States was to invade Japan on November 1, 1945, and it was thought that the fighting would last until late 1946. It was estimated that the United States alone would lose over a million lives