Migration, driven by political, economic, social, and environmental factors, can be voluntary or forced, shaping immigration policies globally. In the United States, immigration laws have evolved significantly, influenced by concerns such as national security, refugee quotas, unauthorized immigration, and economic stability. The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924, born out of World War I anxieties, established quotas based on national origin, favoring Northern and Western Europeans while discriminating against others. The Bracero Program, initiated during World War II, allowed Mexican laborers to work temporarily in the U.S., benefiting the economy but often exploiting workers. Mass deportation surged following legislative acts