1. Hinge joint
2. Flexion and extension when the muscle contracts as you pull it towards, e.g. in football when you kick a ball your foot extends out as it makes contact with the ball. Flexion is the bending of a joint that brings bones closer together. And extension is a physical position that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at a joint. It occurs when muscles contract and bones move the joint into a bent position.
3. Clavicle scapula and the humerus
4. Abduction and adduction are possible at the shoulder e.g. in boxing you might abduct your arm away to block a hit, then adduct it by bringing it back to your body.
5. Growth plate injuries are fractures and are caused by sudden force travelling through the bone in competitive, contact sports such as football and rugby. It can occur in younger people by overuse caused by repetitive practice of specific skills such as a player who spends too much time trying to practice a volley.
6. Osteoarthritis is the deterioration of the articular cartilage. It then makes two bones at a joint rub together because the tissue has been broken down.
7. Physical activity might affect it by repetitive use of the hips and knee joints in weight baring sports such as wrestling. This can inflame the joint leading to pain and further problems. Long distance running has been found not to increase the risk of osteoarthritis. The risk are closely link with physical activity.
8. Osteoporosis is where there is low bone density and it has holes in the bones. It could lead to fractures easily.
9. It is very important for maintaining healthy bones by eating a good diet and regular exercise. In
