Throughout the scene, cuts are made to make it seem like at some points the nightmare occurs in a Communist meeting, while in others it takes place in a garden club. Yen Lo then calls Raymond to the center of the stage in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of his brainwashing methods. In her article, Susan Carruthers says, “The Chinese communists interest in indoctrination also helped to reinforce certain notions about totalitarianism, namely that its essence was remodeling of society from the inside out by taking inner control of each individual citizen” (Carruthers 79). This means in the case of Raymond Shaw, he was not brainwashed through methods like physical torture but instead through psychological torture. In fact, his Chinese and Russian captors used Pavlovian techniques in order to brainwash him. (Carruthers 77) Raymond is programmed to kill through the use of the game solitaire and is told by Yen Lo to name his least favorite member of his platoon. He first says Marco but Yen Lo asks him to choose another person, who is Ed Mavole. Raymond is instructed to