In New York, the reaction to the Mapp v. Ohio case is not too unusual. For example, William Parker, the Los Angeles Police Chief, had a similiar response to the People v. Cahan case that was six years earlier. The California Supreme Court had assumed the exclusionary rule, unlike Judge Cardozo in the People v. Defore case. Because Justice Roger Traynor had reintroduced the relevancy of illegally obtained evidence before the People v. Cahan case, it was clear Traynor was not in favor of the exclusionary rule. However, by 1955(pre-Mapp v. Ohio), Traynor overruled his past decisions and approved the federal exclusionary rule. Many people were surprised by the popularity of illegally obtained evidence appearing in California courts. Traynor no
