It was based on the philosophy that life appears as a series of inescapable conflicts that causes struggles. Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, “The Outcasts of Poker Flats” by Bret Harte, and “Richard Cory” by Edwin Arlington Robinson have naturalistic conflicts that contribute to the author's purpose. Naturalistic conflicts contribute to the author's purpose in the writings of the 19th century by displaying the influence of things such as nature, economic conditions, physical limitations, and gender on the lives of the characters. Naturalistic conflicts enhance the author's purpose by demonstrating realistic characters determined against the environment or science; while the realism of this writing era provides readers with everyday characters and conflicts with race, class, gender, or financial troubles. Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton was published in 1911. A novel about a man, Ethan Frome, who falls in love with his wife’s cousin as a result of his loveless marriage. The novel contains naturalistic conflicts of Zeena’s illness, financial hardship of all characters, and Mattie’s instability as a result of being a single woman with no parents to help