The White Rose, a non-violent student resistance group in Nazi Germany, exemplifies the moral responsibility and courage of individuals opposing oppressive regimes. Their dissemination of leaflets condemning the Nazi regime despite the risk of severe punishment underscores the power of intellectual resistance. The Via Rasella attack, orchestrated by Italian partisans against German military police, represents active resistance against occupiers but also raises moral questions, as it led to the Ardeatine Caves massacre, a brutal Nazi retaliation. This event highlights the tragic consequences of resistance and the moral dilemma faced by resistors. The Vatican's reaction to these events provides a perspective on collaboration, as it had to balance
