Timmy Case Study

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Timmy's muscles will be badly affected by the virus. They will stop converting glucose to ATP and in that way stop to have energy. They won't be able to divide the myosin from the actin inside their sarcomeres when the muscles are contracted. When there is no ATP, the muscles will not be able to go from a contracted position to a relaxed one. Without ATP, the sarcoplasmic reticulum will no longer stop the calcium ions to come in the sarcomere, so it will release them until concentration gradient is reached. As a result, the muscles will enter their resting state, being contracted. Very soon, after that they will atrophy because there will not be any motion. His blood vessels will become with static walls, because their walls are made out of …show more content…
He couldn’t wait for break to get some pretzel sticks so he ate his bacterial culture. Surprisingly he got a bacterial infection.
How will Timmy fight off the bacteria? What immune response system is it and how does it work? If Timmy doesn’t learn his lesson and ate the same bacteria again what will happen? Be as specific as possible with a full explanation. When the bacteria goes inside Timmy, it will be detected as something that is not Timmy. Immediately, the Innate Immune System and the Acquired Immune System will start fighting it off. From the Innate Immune System, first the saliva and the stomach acid will kill some of the bacteria. They will serve its main purpose to disinfect the food before it goes to the Small Intestines and the blood. The next defensive wall are the Neutrophils. They come very fast to the place of infection and start eating the bacteria. However, after a Neutrophil eats one or two, it kills itself. In that way, the death Neutrophils form Pus which is a good sign showing that our Innate Immune System is fighting the bacteria. While the Neutrophils go to the bacteria, in the main organs there are Macrophages, meaning “big eaters.” which are bigger than the Neutrophils and do not move a lot. They can eat more bacteria before dying and in that way serve as bodyguards to the organs. During his Innate Immune System fight, Timmy might have inflammations because histamine is released. It makes cells' membranes more permeable, in order the body to make more of a viscous liquid in order to wash the bacteria out. That is why the place of inflammation becomes bigger. Timmy may have a fever because in that way the body lowers and even can stop the growth of the bacteria and at the same time boost some parts of the Immune
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