Atticus states, “‘If anything, she’s been harder on them in some ways than a mother would have been . . . she’s never let them get away with anything, she’s never indulged them the way most colored nurses do. She tried to bring them up according to her lights.’” (Lee 137) Atticus’s comment reveals that Calpurnia has been a mother figure to the Finch children and has tried to teach them her own morals while helping raise them as best as she could. The author appeals to the reader by explaining Calpurnia’s credibility and showing that she has been vital to helping the household function. This evokes empathy readers because they can relate to the feeling that a parent or guardian is too strict, but understand that in the end parents just want what is best for them. These quotes support the argument that using rhetorical appeals is the best way to create empathy in the audience because they help readers to empathize with the topics and themes in the novel such as acceptance or working for equality and inspire them to use these lessons in their own