In this quote, Atticus tells Jack that he aspires for his children to refrain from becoming discriminatory against other races after overhearing the racist ideas that many citizens share in Maycomb. This connects back to the claim because the author appeals to the audience’s emotions of desiring to shield family from harm, whether it’s physical or psychological, when she writes about how Atticus wants to protect his children from the bigotry and racism of the outside world by educating them about acceptance and empathy through his own actions. Consequently, readers gain empathy for Atticus because they can relate to those emotions of wanting to teach their family about compassion and better understand Atticus’s motivations. In addition, this empathy can inspire readers to learn the lessons of the novel and be more tolerant and accepting of others. Later in the text, Atticus speaks with his sister about the family’s cook, Calpurnia, to convince his sister that the presence of Calpurnia is a necessity in the Finch household. Atticus states, “‘If anything, she’s been harder on them in some ways than a mother would have been . . . She’s never let them get away with anything, she’s never indulged them