Topic 1 Specification Notes Essay

Submitted By Jesuslovesme69
Words: 2503
Pages: 11
Open Document
Topic 1 Specification Notes

Explain the importance of water as solvent in transport, including its dipole nature.

Water is a solvent therefore some substances dissolve in it
Water transports substances. Substances are transported more easily if they’re dissolved in solvent
Transports substances such as glucose and oxygen around animals and plants
One molecule of water is 1 atom of oxygen joined to 2 atoms of hydrogen by shared electrons
Because shared negative hydrogen electrons are pulled towards the 02, the other side of each hydrogen atom is left with a slight positive charge
Unshared negative electrons on the 02 atom give it a slight negative charge
This makes water a dipolar molecule where it has a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other
Negatively charged 02 atom of water attract the positively charged hydrogen atoms of another water molecule. This attraction is known as hydrogen bonding.

Waters dipole nature makes it very cohesive (attraction between 2 molecules of the same type)
This enables the water to flow making it suitable for transporting substances
Waters dipole nature makes it a very good solvent
Because the water is dipolar, the positive end is attracted to negative ions and the negative end is attracted to positive ions. Therefore, ions become completely surrounded by water molecules which causes them to dissolve:

Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides and relate their structures to their rules in providing and storing energy.

Monosaccharide: a single carbohydrate (e.g. glucose). They are joined by glycosidic bonds.

Disaccharide: 2 monosaccharides joined together though a condensation reaction. Examples of disaccharides are maltose, sucrose and lactose:

Monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds
Disaccharide
Glucose + glucose maltose Glucose + galactose lactose Glucose + fructose
Sucrose

Polysaccharide: more than 2 monosaccharides join together to form one long chain. Most important polysaccharides are glucose (main energy storage material in humans) and starch (main energy storage material in plants).

Starch:
Main energy storage molecule in plants
Mixture of Amylose and Amylopectin (2 polysaccharides)
Amylose is an unbranched, long chain of glucose held together by 1-4 glycosidic bonds. It has a coiled structure and is very compact, therefore a brilliant storage molecule.
Amylopectin is a long, brained chain of glucose held together by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds. Side branches give enzymes access to the molecules for quick breakdown therefore releasing starch/glucose efficiently

Glycogen
Main energy storage material in animals
Very similar to amylopectin
Has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Lots of side branches therefore stored glucose is released quickly
Very compact therefore good for storage

Describe how monosaccharides join to make disaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose) and polysaccharides (glycogen and amylose) through condensation reactions forming glycosidic bonds and how these can be split through hydrolysis

Monosaccharides join through condensation reactions in which the ‘H’ from one and the ‘OH’ from another bond to form H2O.

Monosaccharides split via hydrolysis in which H20 is added back into the equation:

Describe the synthesis of a triglyceride by the formation of ester bonds during a condensation reaction between a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. Recognise differences between saturated and unsaturated fats.

Triglycerides are formed by condensation reactions; hydrogen atom on glycerol bonds with a hydroxyl group on the fatty acid therefore releasing a molecule of water.
They are broken by hydrolysis reaction; H2O is added to each ester bond to break it apart therefore splitting the triglyceride up into 3 fatty acids and 1 glyceride
Lipids can be saturated: found in animal fats; no double bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon tails; every carbon is attached to at least
Show More

Related Documents: Topic 1 Specification Notes Essay

Sample Scheme Of Work

Introduction OCR involves teachers in the development of new support materials to capture current teaching practices tailored to our new specifications. These support materials are designed to inspire teachers and facilitate different ideas and teaching practices. Each Scheme of Work and set of sample Lesson Plans is provided in Word format – so that you can use it as a foundation to build upon and amend the content to suit your teaching style and students’ needs. The Scheme of Work and…

Words 5122 - Pages 21

my essay

Introduction OCR involves teachers in the development of new support materials to capture current teaching practices tailored to our new specifications. These support materials are designed to inspire teachers and facilitate different ideas and teaching practices. Each Scheme of Work and set of sample Lesson Plans is provided in Word format – so that you can use it as a foundation to build upon and amend the content to suit your teaching style and students’ needs. The Scheme of Work and sample…

Words 3884 - Pages 16

Independent Study Guide

suggested tasks and don’t hesitate to ask any of your teachers with support at any stage. Good luck! The Post-16 team 2 Art AS & A2 • • • • • • Go to Art room to continue practical coursework. Read through OCR AS/A Level Art & Design Suite specification at www.ocr.org.uk Ensure sketchbooks are thoroughly annotated. Use internet/library to further your artist research. Refer to local newspapers to research local exhibitions and visit them. Spend time reading around the subject - 'The Story of Art'…

Words 5145 - Pages 21

2014 Candidate Record Form, Production Log And Assessment Record

conducted under the conditions laid out by the specification. I have authenticated the candidate’s work and am satisfied,(to the best of my knowledge) that the work produced is solely that of the candidate. Supervisor signature Date   Candidate number Candidate’s full name Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Submission checklist To be completed by the supervisor Please note that all elements of the Project are compulsory…

Words 2090 - Pages 9

The Importance Of Aesthhetics And Culture

considerable amounts of time, money, effort, and significance into them. To remedy this gap in our understanding, this course will focus on the intersection of these questions concerning meaning, pleasure, evaluation, and the arts by examining the following topics: • How does each culture express its own aesthetic sensibilities? • How do aesthetics differ from Western and Non-Western cultures? • What are some of the subcultures that exist in the Western world currently? What do their communal/cultural…

Words 1831 - Pages 8

Cis 555 Week 4 Assignment 2 Automated Teller Machine (Atm) Cis555 Week 4 Assignment 2 Automated Teller Machine (Atm) Essay

CIS 555 CIS555 Complete Course Click below link for Answer visit www.workbank247.com http://workbank247.com/q/cis-555-cis555-complete-course/11695 http://workbank247.com/q/cis-555-cis555-complete-course/11695 CIS 555 Week 1 Discussion 1 "The Four-Variable Model and Requirements" Please respond to the following: * From the e-Activity, speculate as to what the system requirement variables (monitored and controlled) and software requirements (input and output) are for the Nokia portable computer…

Words 4648 - Pages 19

Construction and Division Essay

Lecture 1 – Introduction / Project Framework 1 Introduction 2 Course Overview The ability to read Construction Drawings (“blueprints”) accurately is a required skill in the construction industry. This course covers Contract Documents (drawings and specifications) for reinforced concrete, steel, wood frame, and masonry construction, as well as some mechanical and electrical construction. Topics include: scale, floor plans, elevations, sections, details, symbols, schedules, specifications, and…

Words 1842 - Pages 8

Level 2 ESC Specification 577 1 Essay

Level 2 Certificate in Essential Skills Communication Specification For teaching and assessment from September 2009 CCEA Level 2 Certificate in Essential Skills – Communication Specification from September 2009 CCEA is Northern Ireland’s own awarding body. We offer a wide range of high quality academic and vocational qualifications, which are accredited by the Regulatory Authorities. We work with our centres to reward learning and specifically, through our Essential Skills qualifications we are…

Words 5258 - Pages 22

ITM455 Interactive Case Activity 1 Essay

Activity 1 C-Bay Task 1: Operational Issues & Security Policy Review Team Members: Richmond Ignacio, Veronica Perez Task: Using the COBE Problem Solving approach, review the meeting notes about the organization’s current list of 24 problems/symptoms. A). Consolidate these problems/symptoms into the top 5 categories that reflect actionable security topics the company should address in its policy. B). Then review the security policy draft and see if that topic is addressed…

Words 801 - Pages 4

Argumentative Synthesis Research Paper

Argumentative Synthesis Due: Monday, October 29th (at beginning of class) Assignment: The main purpose of this assignment is to show your ability to “synthesize” information from multiple sources to support a single argument. Pick one of the four topics listed in Chapter 4 of your Cullick text: “Religion in Public Issues” (see Table of Contents). Then write an “argumentative synthesis” essay that takes a clear stance on that issue and uses at least five sources total to support that stance (one…

Words 433 - Pages 2