Sugar plantation employing African slaves began to spread from Portuguese ruled Brazil to the Caribbean islands. The cultivation of coffee, tobacco , rice and indigo in the New World added to the demand for more slaves from Africa. Most of the slaves from Africa were men and boys, who became personal property of their masters and lost their customary rights as human beings. Due to the high demand for African slave, Portugal and Spain shipped over 2,000 Africans per year to their American colonies. In 1550 the Dutch, French and English become involved in the Atlantic slave trade due to the high demand and profit. European slave traders would often use guns to capture the slaves and force them to walk as far as 1,000 miles in shackles to European coastal forts. Many were killed for being sick and not being able to keep up during the march. For those who reached the coastal forts were placed in