Understanding Web Architecture and Components Essay

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Report: Understanding Web Architecture and Components

Elliot Johnson
Learning Objective One
Mr Johnmark Horton
Friday Periods 3 + 4

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Internet Service Providers (ISP)
3. Web Hosting Services
4. Domain Names and Structures
5. Web Design Software
6. Conclusion
7. References

Introduction
Introduction
In the modern world we use the Internet daily, from a Google search, to reading the news, to checking our emails. However the World Wide Web and the Internet are two completely different things, they have both come a long way from the origins of CERN, being designed on the back of a napkin. How does the Internet really work though? What happens when we connect to the Internet? What are the differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web? Read on to find out more.

(Brooke Telecom, 2014)

Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
An Internet service provider is basically a company that will provide you with your Internet connection, whether that is to your house, your business or anywhere else. The services that Internet service providers usually provide include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name and registration, web hosting and colocation. There are different types of Internet providers; these include access providers, mailbox providers, hosting ISPs, transit ISPs, virtual ISPs, free ISPs and wireless ISPs.
An access provider provides Internet access, they do this by having modems and servers set up, these then connect through telephone wires, Ethernet cables, fibre optics or Wi-Fi. Originally copper wires where used to provide dial up connection, DSL, however this method was ineffective as you would get noise on the wires and the wires didn’t have a large bandwidth. To get a high speed connection you would use fibre to home, you have fibre cable from your provider to the modem in your house, fibre optics provide a fast connection as no information is lost during transit, the wires don’t lose energy to heat and use light waves. You will usually find an Ethernet connection in most people’s homes; these have a larger bandwidth than a telephone cable, which allows for a faster speed. Microwave satellites can also provide wireless access.
A mailbox provider gives you the service of hosting an email domain with storage access for client mailboxes. They provide you with a send server, a receive server, an accept server and a storage server. A mailbox provider can also be an access provider, while others are just stand-alone services. Protocols have been laid out to help people manage mail servers, these are the SMTP and the IMAP protocols, these dictate how mail should be transferred and accessed.
A hosting ISP will provide email, web hosting and online storage services; this can be done with virtual, cloud or physical servers. This service is mainly used by people wanting to set up their own website. A virtual ISP occurs when an ISP purchases the services of another ISP, this is called a wholesale ISP. This allows a customer that connects to the ISP to access the internet through the wholesale ISP, this means that everything a user does happens on the wholesale ISP and not the users actually ISP. Free ISPs are service providers that allow connections to their network for free. They make revenue off of this by placing adverts onto a customer’s connection, then for a subscription rate they can remove the adverts. Wireless ISPs are providers that provide you with a connection based on wireless networks, not a physical connection. Wi-Fi networks work in this way and are usually broadcasting between 900MHz and 5.8GHz.
An ISP will provide you a connection to the Internet; from this you will be connected to servers that store the data on them. To run a web server you would use server software such as apache which allows for incoming connections to the server to be sent somewhere on the computer’s hard
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