Ultimately, the points presented in Chapter 4 of "Uneven Roads" reinforce, contradict, or modify the conclusions of Martinez and Gonzalez's writings depending on the specific historical contexts and interpretations. By highlighting the complex process of identity creation in Latino-Hispanic communities in the United States through an exploration of Latino political identity. By examining the historical developments described in Chapter 4 of "Uneven Roads" and incorporating the perspectives on panethnicity offered by Daniel Martinez and Kelsey Gonzalez, it is clear that a complex interplay of internal and external factors shapes the formation of Latino political identity. Although panethnicity can be a reaction to external factors such as politics, society, and the economy, it is also shaped by internal conflicts, historical circumstances, and changing sociocultural