Vranken not only used the reflection of light to further define the three-dimensional appearance of the desk, but to also give it mass. The artist’s use of a high saturated hue in the desk creates further emphasis, and the shadows cast by the desk really define its weight. The desk’s texture appears to be very smooth; like a well-finished, well-polished cherry wood. The hardwood floor also appears to be smooth. The shadows that lie near the two small doorways in the painting add a texture of stone; this is created by the artist’s shadowing causing increased mass. The artist’s addition of small, neutral-colored chaotic lines throughout the painting add a grainy, organic texture. The variation in the textures of paint on the wall make it appear as if the wall consists of smooth paints painted precisely and less smooth paints painted more freely. The combination of the precise, smooth textures and the rough, grainy textures creatures a very appealing balance in the