American Life In The 1790's

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#1. American life in the 1790’s
American Society only white male landowners can participate in politics no rights for women
Native Americans can’t participate in politics because they’re not citizens most African-Americans are slaves on Southern plantations

Economic Conditions state and national government are in debt from the war

Political changes under the new Constitution
Congress passes the Judiciary Act of 1789 to create a federal court system
Bill of Rights added to the Constitution to guarantee civil liberties
Washington uses a Cabinet of advisors to help him govern

#2. Alexander Hamilton’s Economic plan state debt assumption: national government will bail out the states by covering their debt protective tariffs to help manufacturers against British competitors whiskey tax national bank (Bank of the U.S.)

#3. The Two-party system forms due to disagreements between Jefferson and Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton wants the U.S. to become a nation of business and manufacturing
Thomas Jefferson wants the U.S. to continue to be a rural society of independent farmers

#4.
Federalists
Democratic Republicans
Alexander Hamilton
Favor strong central government
Loose interpretation of the Constitution to give government more powers
Supported by Northern business pro-British in foreign policy
Thomas Jefferson
Favor states’ rights
Strict interpretation of the Constitution to limit government
Supported by southern and western farmers pro-French in foreign policy

#5. 1794 Whiskey Rebellion—farmers rebel against the Whiskey tax
George Washington leads troops to put down the rebellion, proving that the national government will effectively enforce the law and keep order

#6. U.S. Foreign Policy during the Federalist Period
GOAL: stay out of foreign wars, avoid alliances
POLICY: Neutrality ex. Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) Washington’s Farewell Address to the Nation

Major Issues…

#7 British forts on American soil threaten U.S. sovereignty
Jay Treaty (1794) made with Britain to avoid war

#8. …farmers in the west need access to the Mississippi River
Pickney Treaty (1795) made with Spain gives western farmers the right to use the Mississippi River and deposit their goods at ports in New Orleans

#9. …conflict with American Indian tribes
Indian tribes are pushed out as American settlement expands westward; leaders like Tecumseh try to stop American settlers from taking their lands
Treaty of Greenville (1796) opens Ohio to white settlement

The Adams Presidency (1797-1801)

#10. …problems with France
XYZ Affair—damages U.S. relations with France and results in an undeclared naval war with France

#11. Federalists try to silence Democratic-Republican opposition
Alien and Sedition Acts passed to prevent immigrants from becoming citizens and silence protests by Democratic-Republicans against the government

#12. States’ Rights v. Federal Power
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison write the Virginia & Kentucky Resolves to protest the unconstitutionality of the Alien & Sedition Acts.
Virginia & Kentucky Resolves declare that states have the right to nullify the Alien & Sedition Acts because they are unconstitutional

nullification: the right of a state to cancel or overturn an unconstitutional act passed by Congress

#13. The Election of 1800—Republicans win both houses of Congress and Thomas Jefferson is elected President first election in American history where the party in power (Federalists) is voted out of office

#14. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Supreme Court establishes principle of judicial review…power to decide what
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