What Is A Pyroclast 2m Or Larger That Cools?

Submitted By David-Jacob
Words: 1448
Pages: 6
Open Document
Chapter 4

Bomb- a pyroclast 2mm or larger that consists of a blob of lava that cools in flight and becomes rounded, or a chunk torn loose from previously solidified volcanic rock

Concordant intrusion- an igneous intrusion whose boundaries lie parallel to layers of bedded country rock

Decompression melting- the spontaneous melting of rising mantle material as it reaches a level where pressure decreases below a critical point, without the induction of any additional heat

Dike- a sheetlike discordant igneous intrusion that cuts across layers of bedded country rock

Discordant intrusion- an igneous intrusion that cuts across the layers of igneous rock it intrudes

Extrusive igneous rock- a fine-grained or glassy igneous rock formed from magma that erupts at earth’s surface as lava cools rapidly

Felsic Rock- light-colored igneous rock that is poor in iron and magnesium, but is rich in high-silica minerals such as: quartz, clase feldspar, plagioclase feldspar

Fractional crystallization- the process by which the crystals formed in the cooling of magma are segregated from the remaining liquid rock, usually by settling to the floor of the magma chamber

Intermediate rock- between felsic and mafic, midway composition

Intrusive igneous rock- a coarse-grained igneous rock that formed from magma and is deep inside the earth’s crust. Cooled slowly

Lava- magma that flows onto the earth’s surface

Mafic rock- dark-colored igneous rock containing minerals such as pyroxenes and olivines that are rich in iron and magnesium and poor in silica

Magma chamber- a large pool of magma that forms in the lithosphere as rising magmas melt and push aside surrounding solid rock

Magmatic differentiation- a process by which rocks of varying composition arise from a uniform parent magma as various minerals are withdrawn from it by fractional crystallization as it cools, changing its composition

Partial melting- incomplete melting of a rock that occurs because the minerals that compose it melt at different temperatures

Pluton- a large igneous intrusion, ranging in size from a cubic kilometer to hundreds of kilometers. Forms deep in the earth’s crust
Pyroclast- a rock fragment ejected into the air by a volcanic eruption

Sill- a sheet like concordant igneous intrusion formed by the injection of magma between layers of bedded country rock

Ultramafic rock- an igneous rock composed of primarily mafic minerals and containing less than 10 percent feldspar

Volcanic ash- pyroclasts usually less than 2mm in diameter, usually glass, that form when escaping gases form a fine spray of magma from a volcano

Chapter 5: Sedimentary Rocks

Carbonate Rock- a sedimentary rock formed from carbonate sediment

Carbonate sediment- a sediment formed from the accumulation of carbonate minerals directly or indirectly precipitated by marine organisms

Cementation- a diageneric change in which minerals are precipitated in the pores between sediment particles and bind them together

Chemical weathering- weathering in which the minerals in a rock are chemically altered or dissolved

Compaction- a diagenetic decrease in the volume and porosity of a sediment as its particles are squeezed closer together by the weight of overlying sediments

Conglomerate- a sedimentary rock composed of pebbles, cobbles, and boulders; the lithified equivalent of gravel

Cross-bedding- a sedimentary structure consisting of beds deposited by currents of wind or water and inclined at angles as much as 35 degrees from the horizontal

Crude Oil- an organic substance formed by diagenesis from organic material in the pores of sedimentary rocks; a diverse class of liquids composed of complex hydrocarbons. Also called petroleum

Diagenesis- the physical and chemical changes caused by pressure, heat, and chemical reactions, by which buried sediments are lithified to form sedimentary rocks

Evaporate rock- a sedimentart rock formed
Show More

Related Documents: What Is A Pyroclast 2m Or Larger That Cools?

Case Study: Assisting Process Flow Summary?

ore crushing grinding process flow diagram Masamichi Guizhou Services bauxite ready exploration final results not too long ago by gurus. Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Guizhou Province Nuclear Marketplace Bureau of Nonferrous Geological Exploration and hospital lasted 3 many years, three,251 km2 exploration spot, the total demand for 700 million a lot of bauxite resources , the quantity of 580 million tons of more sources , submitted to ultra- two huge deposits , substantial deposits 9 , 14 medium-sized…

Words 332 - Pages 2

Shocka Bro Essay

oil-related Geological Engineering. By researching all that Geological Engineering entails, I will determine the drawbacks and benefits of becoming a Geological Engineer in this day and age, especially in North Dakota. To begin, I will study the broad term “Geological Engineer”. Engineering itself is a broad area with many specific disciplines. Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between scientific discoveries…

Words 903 - Pages 4

Darwin: Charles Darwin and M. s. Beagle Essay

Henslow. With Henslow's encouragement Darwin began to study geology and later undertook a voyage to South America as a naturalist aboard the H. M. S. Beagle (despite his father's objections) in 1831. The journey lasted five years, taking Darwin to the Andes, as well as to Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of the continent, and to the Galapagos archipelago. The trip culminated in Darwin's publication of the Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by…

Words 1125 - Pages 5

Essay Physical Geology Test Review

designed to see if you know the material. Ask yourself- what is it or describe it Physical Geology is the study of Earth’s materials, changes of the surface and interior of the Earth, and the forces that cause those changes Know these terms: Volcanology Seismology PALEONTOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGY If it can’t be grown, it must be mined (What Does that mean to you?) Geologic Hazards: name several Birth of Modern Geology Catastrophism/ Uniformitarianism James Hutton = The present is the key to the past The…

Words 487 - Pages 2

The Pilbara Coast Analysis

The Pilbara Coast, located at Western Australia, is a very distinct coast in terms of its geology, coastal geomorphology, biology and biogeography. It comprises the most species-rich mangrove region in the world (Semeniuk & Cresswell, 2013), and the most geologically and geomorphologically diverse and complex arid coast in the world (Semeniuk, 1996). Many of its features, such as diagenesis, geomorphology and stratigraphy, are globally to nationally significant, and at the megascale it is of global…

Words 232 - Pages 1

jurassic coast essay

The complex geology and the variable orientation of the shore along the south coast of England creates a wide diversity of environments, habitats and landforms. This include a newly designated management cell of south Devon and Dorset stretching from Durlson head in the east to Rame head in the west, a distance of 300km. This area is known as the Jurassic coast, it has been designated as England’s only UNESCO heritage site. There is a need for management in this area because the long term pattern of…

Words 312 - Pages 2

Mars: Mars and Mars Exploration Mission Essay

The Mars Exploration Program Alicia Bell 250623017 June 8th, 2012 1086 Origin and Geology of the Solar System Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Mars Basics 3 2.1 Geology of Mars 3 2.2 Atmosphere on Mars 3 2.3 Water on Mars? 6 2.4 Natural Satellites 6 3.0 The Mars Exploration Mission 7 4.0 Rover Data To-Date 8 5.0 Conclusions 8 6.0 References 10 7…

Words 2152 - Pages 9

Background Paper for Hydrostatics

Background Physics is the study of non-living things. Physical science is one of the fundamental sciences because the other natural sciences like biology and geology deal with systems that obey the laws of physics. Engineering physics is the study of the combined disciplines of physics, engineering and mathematics in order to develop an understanding of the interrelationships of these three disciplines. “A study of hydrostatics can also include capillarity, the ideal gas laws, the velocity of sound…

Words 901 - Pages 4

Adirondack Mountains Research Paper

Tucker DePaola GEOL 105 Final Project Paper 5/11/18 Exploring the Geologic History of the Adirondack Mountains The Adirondack Mountains are massif in northeastern New York state which were formed about 2 billion years ago and have since underwent a number of geologic events which have shaped the mountains’ appearance and history to make them the way they are in the present day. The massif itself is a dissected elongate dome which exposes a core of Proterozoic metamorphic rock from which Paleozoic…

Words 1603 - Pages 7

Hunt Cliff Research Paper

it does involve 1425 feet (434m) of ascent, climbing from sea level three times. Within a few minutes of leaving Saltburn After a short climb Hunt Cliff is part of a nationally important Heritage Coast which has an almost unique combination of geology, height and wildlife. The cliffs along this stretch of the Cleveland coast are amongst the highest in England. Hunt Cliff is also the site of nature conservation importance. The rock face here supports nationally important numbers of kittiwake, and…

Words 755 - Pages 4