I) Imagine you are a biologist (22) • phylums, kingdoms, etc.
II) Misc. questions about chromists, plants, fungi (54)
III) Germination, morphology, Anatomy of Plants (24) • images
IV) Bonus (4) • on reserve in the library . . Know scientific and common names, but the chart will have both . Chromista • unicellular, filamentous, colonial, coenocytic, or multicellular • cell wall composed of cellulose (not a protein) • often have alginic acid and sulfated mucopolysaccarides (So they don’t dry out)***
• pigments include chlorophyl, carotenes, and fucoxanthin
• heterotrophic by absorption
• nearly all have heterokont flagella • tinsel flagellum • whiplash flagellum . . Oomycota (Water Molds) (is a member of chromista) • coenocytic filament** • some lower fungi have this • cell wall made of glucans (sugar), not chitin • only organisms that have this on test • have heterokont flagella in both gametes and zoospores (spores are asexual in reproduction and when they germinate they form something, gametes are looking for another gametes to fuse with and form a diploid individual)******** • nutrition by absorption (same as fungi) • no food vacuoles • carry out extracellular division • usually found in very damp conditions • Water Mold diseases******* • Cabbage and Cauliflower rot • mildew of grapes • late blight of potato • Saprolegnia disease of fish
Diatoms (chromista)
• unicellular, sometimes colonial • centric or pennate (symmetry types) • centric many plains • pennate only two plains
• cell wall made of cellulose withe silicates and form frustule
• flagella only in gametes
• Autotrophic by photosynthesis • pigments chlorophyll, carotenes, and xanthrophylls (fucoxanthin)
• typically found in ocean and freshwater • mostly free-living
• Diatoms vs. Dinoflagellates****
• form diatomaceous earth • fine abrasive • filters • reflective material • insecticides . . Brown Algae ( chromista) • all are multicellular • can be divided in blades, stipe, and holdfast (only thing on exam with) • cell wall composed of cellulose , alginic acid and sulfated mucopolysaccharides • Photosynthetic pigments • chlorophyll carotenes, xanthrophylls (fucoxanthin) • found in oceans • rockweeds (found on rocks) • Kelps**** • common to Pacific north west • can grow to 100m • dense off shore forests provide habitat • produce algae**** • Sargassum • Economically important as source as algin (thickener) . . Intro to Plant Kingdom • unicellular, colonial, filamentous, coenocytic, and parenchymous • most that aren’t multicellular and the green algae
• cell wall composed of cellulose, other carbohydrates, and some lignin
• almost all are photosynthetic • pigments: chlorophylls, carotene, and lutein***** • food is stored as starch (amylose) • Types: • green algae and stone warts • Bryophytes(mosses and liverworts) • Trachceophytes (vascular plants) • seedless (club mosses, horsetails, ferns) • seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms)
Green Algae (Clamdomonia)
• unicellular (non motile)
• Spyrogyra (filamentous)
• Ulva (foliaceous)
• Valonia (coenocytic individual) • oogamous reproduction and scalariform conjugation • can be classified by shape of chloroplast • live in freshwater and others in saltwater, can be on land in moist areas • have value as primary produces • chlamydomonas nivalis (causes watermelon snow)** • chlorella live as endosymbionts • scientifically important; acetabularia, chlamydomonas • some are used as food; soups, salads • can be taken as a
