Punishment is infliction of a penalty for an offence or rather a wrong doing. Immoral behaviors or actions are in most cases punishable through deterrence of the offenders from repeating the action and protecting others Personal, cultural values, social mores and code of conduct define a person’s morality by specifying what is right or wrong (North, 1987 p.500). A person is moral when he can make differentials of decisions, intentions and actions between proper functions and those involving omission of proper functioning. Values are guidelines through which people make decisions about good and evil, right or wrong, should and should not (North, 1987 p.500). A person can be immoral but still adhering to values showing that morals have a higher…show more content… The two cases agree that penal substitution is not a morally optimal thing to be the community.Despite the fact that many people in the Christian religion believe on the issue of punishment substitution through Christ the decision on substituting punishment to other persons is not optimal (Lewis, 2012 p.189). Zimmerman’s argument presents a condition in which penal substitution can occur but with areview of the state the argument fundamentally rejects the issue of punishment change. A punitive action substituted if and only if the person it is being transferred to had an impact on the individual who committed the crime on his behalf (Zimmerman, 2011 p.3). The real offender, in this case, is the person who takes the blame implying that punishment was installed on the direct…show more content… According to Lewis (2012), if real punishment instituted then fines are not the right instruments for punishments. Fines do not make the offender suffer for his action but rather substitutes the penalty and allowing him to walk free just like any other innocent people. Zimmerman’s argument shows that when a fine get instituted on an offender, the chance that the person will repeat the act is high. The reasonbeing that the impact produced by the fine does not demotivate the person on further attempt on criminal acts Zimmerman, 2011).Their are twoarguments, therefore, have common similarities in rejecting penal substitution and institution of fines as a method of punishment. Despite the similarities, the arguments differ in the following
