A Description Of Chloroplasts

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Unit 1

Chloroplasts vs mitochondrion:
Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells, they use photosynthesis
Mitochondrion are found in both, the use chemicals to breakdown food and convert it into usable compounds
They both convert things into energy

Cell wall vs plasma membrane:
Cell wall is only found in plants, it is rigid and protects the plant cell
Cell membrane are in. Oth,bit is semipermeable and flexible
Both protect cell and both regulate what goes in and out of the cell

Rough vs smooth er:
Rough er is speckled with ribosomes and assembles proteins
Smooth er makes lipids, detoxifies drugs and makes membranes
Both transport and produce domppunds important to the cell

Cytosol vs cytoplasm:
Cytosol is only the liquid part of the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm includes cytosol but is also the organelles and dissolved nutrients
They are both part of the cytoplasm and both are the liquid part

Nucleus vs. nucleolus:
Nucleolus does not contain DNA or chromosomes and only makes ribosomes
Nucleus contains the nucleolus and the DNA also gives instructions to the cell
Both part of the nucleus

Lysosomes vs food vacuoles:
Lysosomes breakdown food and unusable organelles
Food vacuoles store food before the lysosomes start to break it down
Both do something with food

Cytoskeleton vs micro tubules:
Micro tubules are the hollow like structures that are part of the cytoskeleton, they are important for cell division
The cytoskeleton as a whole supports the cells structure and holds the organelles in place helps move cell and parts of cell; includes the micro filaments as well

Flagella vs cilia:
Flagella is the 1-3 whip like structures that are important for moving the cell
The cilia are hair like structures that move the cell and move things across the cell
Both move cell

Ribosomes vs Golgi apparatus:
Ribosomes make proteins and are made of RNA
Golgi Paramus sorts packages and sends out proteins does not make proteins
Both work with proteins

Hi vs low magnification:
Hi magnification shows detail and organelles but not how cells at arranged
Low shows how cells are arranged and sometimes gets better focus but doesn't allow you to really see within or what you're looking at

Plant cell vs animal cell:
Plant cells are square or rectangularly shaped, have chloroplasts and a cell wall
Animal cells: more circularly shaped, have lysosomes, and centrioles
Both are eukaryotes

Protein process:
Proteins are assembled in ribosomes, ribosomes get attached to the rough er to finish their assembly, vesicles take the newly assembled proteins and bring them to the golgiapparatus where they are packaged, sorted and sent out

Scientific method:
Observe, question, hypothesis, expirement, analyze and interperate data draw a conclusion

Observe: noticing in a detailed way
Inference: logical interpretation
Independent variable: x axis,whats being changed, cause
Dependent variable: y axis,what changes because of independent, effect
Controlled Expirement: only one variable is being changed or manipulated at a time
Experimental group: group that gets the independent variable
Control group: group that receives the placebo

Cell theory:
All living things are made of cells, cells at the basic unit of life in all living things, cells can only come from pre existing cells

Properties of life:
1. Order ( made of cells), reproduce, grow and develop, utalize energy (metabolism, cellular respiration), DNA and heredity, maintain a stable environment (homeostasis), react to stimulus, evolve

Stimulus: signal organisms respond to
Pie chart: compares things to a whole
Line graph: shows change over time
Bar graph: compares differences between more than one group over time
Hypothesis: educated guess, tentative, specific, backed by one scientist
Theory: we'll tested idea, backed by many scientists, broad

Prokaryote: bacteria, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, 3.5 billion years,
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