Anterior Cruciate Ligament Research Paper

Words: 1023
Pages: 5
Open Document
Introduction and Clinical Manifestations
One of the most injury-prone areas in the body is the knee and commonly occur at the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). This is due to the combination of limited range of motion, heavy load it carries, and the torque generated by the two lever-like bones.[1] Injuries are classified into three grades, where Grade 1 sprain is a slight stretch of the ACL and Grade 3 Sprain is a completely torn ACL.[2] We will focus on Grade 3 Sprains because they are more serious and require more extensive treatments. ACL tears occur when the ligament exceeds its biomechanical limits, often with a hyperextension mechanism. Signs and symptoms of an ACL tear involve a “pop” during a twisting movement or rapid deceleration …show more content…
Every year there is an estimated ACL rupture of one in 3000 Americans and approximately 95,000 new injuries each year. [5] Female athletes are more susceptible to torn ACLs and have a 3 times greater incidence rate in sports like soccer and basketball. However lacrosse players and Alpine skiers were not bias in gender ACL rupture rates. [6] An explanation of increased female incidence could be from hormonal factors that generally affect the integrity of connective tissue, which include fibroblast proliferation, ligamentous laxity, and collagen synthesis in the ACL.[7] Other factors include less muscle strength, different muscle activation patterns, and altered cutting/landing patterns.[8] Aside from gender influence, environmental factors include playing field/turf conditions, the athletic shoe (cleats), playing style (coaching/training), and lower extremity braces. …show more content…
Tension patterns vary throughout a full rand of motion. This is due to the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles (shown in Fig X) , which play key roles in knee movement. During extension, the AM becomes loose while the PL becomes tight and during flexion, the AM tightens while the PL loosens. For example, in response to a 134 N anterior tibial load, PL bundle forces are much greater in lower flexion degrees than AM bundle. Below 20o flexion, PL bundle had higher strain than the AM.[16] Mechanical properties of the ACL can be represented by the femur-ACL-tibia complex (FATC). Typically for people ages 22-35, the FATC had a linear stiffness of 242+28 N/m and an ultimate load of 2160+157 N.[18] However the structural and mechanical properties tend to deteriorate with
Show More

Related Documents: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Research Paper

Exterior Cruciate Trauma Case Study

Anatomical discoveries and a growing appreciation of the knee as a complex organ are driving innovations in patient care decision-making following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Surgeons are increasing their efforts to restore combined mechanical-neurosensory ACL function and placing more consideration on when to reconstruct versus repair native anatomical structures. Surgical options now include primary repair with or without reinforcing the injured ACL with suture-based internal bracing…

Words 417 - Pages 2

Personal Narrative Essay: The Sport Of Player Safety

“It’s all fun and games until someone loses an eye”. I’m sure no one literally loses an eye in the game of football, but this quote is very relevant to the game. The game of football is known for its roughhousing; that only big strong burly men can play. Of course over the years the notion of only big strong men can play football went out the window, but the game is still pretty rough. Player safety is one of the biggest concerns in the game right now. Players are getting hurt left and right and…

Words 1387 - Pages 6

Robotics in Surgery Essay

Objective: Tracking the progress of new Robotic Surgery techniques, their limitations and future scope. Background: The field of robotics has the potential to alter how we live in the 21st century. This paper explores the Surgical Robotic Systems in use, their applications during different surgeries and the future scope. Method: Articles describing the…

Words 5199 - Pages 21

Secondary Research paper Why Do So Few Citizens Join the US Military

confront a complex system of legal and policy constraints that exclude a substantial proportion of potential recruits from enlisting. Those constraints include age limits, mental and physical minimum standards, educational and moral requirements. This paper estimates the number and percent of military-age civilians, age 18-23 who meet, and do not meet, the current active duty enlistment standards for Dependents, Education, Aptitude, Moral Character, Drug-use, Body Composition and Medical for the four…

Words 8613 - Pages 35