Fragrances are often added to cleaning products; 67% of products tested contained d-limonene, and 40% contained linalool (Rastogi SC, 2002). D-limonene is the primary constituent in citrus oils and is responsible for the citrus fragrance …show more content…
D-limonene reacts with the air, producing different oxidative products, some of which are potential irritants and asthma promoters. Pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to the D-limonene oxidative products had in increase in interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, indicating an inflammatory response was induced. Human bronchial cells exhibited similar increases in inflammatory markers when exposed to oxidative products. Elevated interleukin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels are indicated in asthma and COPD (Matera et al., 2010). Asthma and COPD both cause reduced lung capacity due to inflammatory responses in the