Depending on the organization the structure varies. The Chinese organizations lack “empirical support for the belief that there is a well-organized, monolithic, hierarchical criminal cartel”. This lack of organization provides for members within different groups to have drastically different experiences and responsibilities to the organization. The Japanese Yakuza is an extremely well organized organization, “the key to the hierarchy is the oyabun-kobun relationship, a set of father-son roles that binds all Yakuza clans together” and demands “absolute loyalty and unquestioning obedience from his kobun”. This loyalty and obedience is so un-wavering that punishment for failure can result in being required to cut off a portion of one’s own