Raphael’s gendered analysis of nature and heavenly bodies assist the establishment of the inferior rank of women in Paradise Lost. In Book V, Raphael debates the ladder of human faculties with Adam, describing that the bottom divisions, “those of the senses,” encourage the undiluted faculty of rationality. “Raphael introduces the earthly elements with the gender neutral article, the, or the gender neutral pronoun, it; however, when referring to the moon and sun, he uses the gendered pronouns he or his and she or her…
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