Importance Of Science In Biology

Submitted By jntall
Words: 1251
Pages: 6
Open Document
INTRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD (ch 1 and 4)

Biology is the systematic study of life.

Atoms  Molecules  Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ system

Population  Community  Ecosystem  Biosphere

Population: a group of individuals of a species in an area

Community: all populations of all species in a given area

Ecosystem: a community interacting with its environment

Biosphere: all regions that hold life

All living things have similar characteristics: 1. Continual inputs of energy and cycling of materials maintain a life’s complex organization * All organisms require energy and nutrients to sustain themselves

2. Organisms sense and respond to change * Homeostasis – organisms keep conditions in their internal environment within ranges cells tolerate

3. All organisms use information in DNA inherited from parents to function and reproduce * DNA – Info that guide’s organism’s metabolic activities, growth, development, and reproduction

Prokaryotes: single-celled, DNA not contained in nucleus!!!, non membrane bound organelles (bacteria, arheeans)

Eukaryotes: single- or multi-cellular, DNA contained in nucleus, membrane-bound organelles (protists, fungi, plants, animals)

Three-Domain System 1. Bacteria 2. Archea 3. Eukarya (includes all eukaryotes)

Individuals of a species share a unique set of traits * Morphological traits – body parts * Physiological traits - functioning * Behavior traits

Scientific Method 1. Observe - gather through your senses, notice natural world * Don’t be biased

2. Question * Precisely phrase * Testable * Focus on objects, organisms, and events in natural world * Connect to scientific concepts rather than opinions, feelings, beliefs

3. Hypothesize – educated guess; possible answer to question * Must be testable and falsifiable * Null hypothesis – statement of no difference 4. Predict

5. Test

6. Conclusion – answer the hypothesis using data obtained; may need to retest

THE CELL

Traits common to all cells: 1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. DNA (in nucleus if eukaryotic)

Plasma membrane: boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings * Selective permeability: some substances cross it more easily than others * Phospholipids are amphipathic: they have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions * Ions go from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration

Polar Head
Polar Head
Phospholipids
* Most abundant lipid in cell membrane * Nonpolar Tail
Nonpolar Tail
Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4 (negatively charged) * Fatty acid tail (nonpolar) = hydrophobic * PO4 = hydrophilic head (polar) * They are amphipathic – dual “personality” (like water but they also put it away) * IN CELLS: heads on outside, tails on inside * Bubble = “micelle” * Can also form bilayer * Double bond kinks – unsaturated tails prevent close packing * Causes more fluid in membrane

Cholesterol * Bulky and rigid; reduces permeability * Less fluid because less permeable

Selective permeability**** * Small or nonpolar molecules move across phospholipid bilayers quickly * O2, fats, ect. * Charged or large polar substances cross slowly, if at all * Ions, glucose, ect. * Membranes containing phospholipids with longer tails have reduced permeability * Cholesterol decreases membrane permeability * Decreased membrane fluidity causes decreased permeability (molecules in bilayer move slowly) * Unsaturated = more fluid

Fluid-mosaic model: some proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer, making the membrane a fluid, dynamic mosaic of phospholipids and proteins (moving)

Membrane carbohydrates may be covalently bonded to lipids (forming glycolipids) or more commonly to proteins (forming glycoproteins)
Membrane Carbs and Cell-Cell Recognition * Cells recognize each
Show More

Related Documents: Importance Of Science In Biology

Biology Study Guide

Biology Study Guide: Methodology Unit 1 MADE BY: Chris Rhee Types of variables: Independent Variable: Also known as the manipulated variable. It is the variable that is changed or manipulated by the scientist. Dependent Variable: Also known as the responding variable. It is the variable that is affected by the independent variable. Control Variable: The variable that nothing is done to better see the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Standardized Variable: The variables…

Words 1143 - Pages 5

Essay on Biology Study Guide

Study Guide – DNA Name: _______________________ Chapters 8 & 9 Date: ______________ Pd: ____ 1. Draw a picture of a nucleotide. Label the phosphate, the deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen base. Which parts make up the backbone? 2. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA: | DNA |RNA | |a. contains the sugar deoxyribose |…

Words 523 - Pages 3

Biology Study Guide Essay

“Just Because You're A Bird Doesn't Mean You Can Fly..” Imagine waking up everyday knowing that the minute you step foot out your front door people are going to stare and judge you constantly. People you don't even know are going to look at you and feel a sense of pitty and disbelief. Picture yourself sitting in a classroom full of people knowing that you are different but not being able to figure out why. Children everyday around the world are being diagnosed with Autism Disease. “Just because…

Words 1233 - Pages 5

Biology Study Guide Essay

removing a phosphate group and releasing energy for cellular processes. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. 25 of them are essential to life. Reductionism seeks to reduce complex systems to simpler, more manageable components. Systems biology seeks to understand how all the parts function together. When the proton number and the electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule is an ion. The carbon atom is tetravalent; this means that a carbon atom can complete its valence shell…

Words 771 - Pages 4

Biology study guide Essay

Commission on Ocean Policy, a working group tasked with the development of what would be known as the “National Oceans Report” Definition of environmental science & scientific disciplines involved Interdisciplinary study of human relationships with other organisms. Includes: - Biology -Ecology - Geography - Chemistry - Sociology Major components of blood Red cells White cells Plasma Platelets Seven basic functions of respiratory system - delivers oxygen - expels carbon dioxide…

Words 899 - Pages 4

Biology 101 Study Guide

Test 1 Corrections 1.Organic compounds always contain ________. A) Always contain carbon. 3. In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help ____________. C) reduce tooth decay. 4. Cellulose differs from starch in that ___________. C) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. 7. Fatty acids are _________. C) hydrophobic 9. What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG? B) AGCTACC 11. Peptide bonds…

Words 691 - Pages 3

Essay about biology study guide

Biology Honors Study Guide 1.1 All organisms are interdependent, and humans are organisms. In order to understand life on earth and the future of humans and other organisms. Biologists study interactions between living things and their (our) environment In order to be considered alive and organism must have the following characteristics living things: Organism: any living individual 8 Common traits: 1. Have cell structure (organized) Number one (unicellular) to many (multicellular)…

Words 789 - Pages 4

Essay on Biology DNA Study Guide

BIO STUDY GUIDE (DNA) DNA STRUCTURE/DNA REPLICATION 6-Watson and Crick: Used Franklin’s and Chargaff’s info to make the first ever accurate DNA model 1-DNA is double helix and is built from nucleotides which consist of a phosphate, a base, and a sugar. The bases include G,C,A,T which are connected by hydrogen bonds. DNA polymerase is also located behind the DNA where bases connect to each other. 4/8-A=T and G=C only these combinations can form hydrogen bonds. 4-A nucleotide consists of a…

Words 324 - Pages 2

Essay on Study Guide: General Biology

Chapter 6 Explain what free energy is and how it can be used to predict the energetic outcome of chemical reactions.Free energy is defined as the energy available to do work in any system. The free energy is denoted by the symbol G. G = H – TS* H: the energy contained in a molecule’s chemical bonds, called enthalpy.* TS: the energy term related to the degree of disorder in the system. T is the absolute temperature (K), and S is the entropy.We can use the change in free energy to predict whether…

Words 4656 - Pages 19

Biology 1060 Study Guide Essays

all of the sources we chose will be available for academic research when you want to evaluate your relevance sources, which are sources that pertain to you. As stated before make sure your sources are credible. Ask questions, and use questions to guide you research. Questions are important when you have your research claim. You use questions to answer your claim. Skim throughout your sources to make sure that you can use it and that it will help your research. When it comes to online sources it…

Words 647 - Pages 3