Pl 101
Dr. Eng
December 10, 2012.
The Encompassed Society
Every human being is an individual, and it is groups of individuals that make up the collective. However, who someone is as an individual is actually in relation to what the collective says he or she should be. In order for a person to be an individual, he or she must be recognized as an individual by the collective or else they have no place in society.In “Black Skin, White Mask” by Fanon and “Fear and Trembling” by Kierkegaard, the individuals in the context are not viewed as part of the collective. The individual’s relationship and acceptance into the collective only occurs when the individual encompasses the ideals of the universal as their own identity.
In “Black Skin, White Mask” by Franz Fanon, the collective is viewed as the dominant, white European culture and the black native culture is viewed as inferior. In order to understand one’s personal identity, he or she must first view oneself as a subject, acknowledging the outside in order to establish who they are on the inside, “the dominant colonial culture identifies the black skin of the negro with impurity; and the Antilleans accept this association and so come to despise themselves” ( Fanon ix). In understanding that the colonized culture occupies the “other role,” it is portrayed that the black peoples will always be inferior to the white peoples. The native peoples have no hope of being accepted because they are viewed as lesser due to their skin color that they are incapable of changing. The best thing the black peoples can do is to act like the colonized as a momentary escape from their constant inferiority and they “can partially resolve the tension between the contempt for blackness and their own dark skins by coming to think of themselves, in some sense, as white” (ix). The more white he or she portrays themselves as, the closer he or she believes that they will be accepted into society. However, the more the black person takes on the white peoples traits the further away he or she will be from his or her own nativism, without ever being accepted into the dominant culture.
The knowledge of blacks being inferior has given society a dependability complex in which the blacks rely on the whites, “the arrival of the white man in Madagascar inflicted an unmistakable wound. The consequences of this European interruption in Madagascar are not only psychological; there are inner relationships between consciousness and social context” ( Fanon p.77). The white man no longer attempts to make the black man feel inferior, because of internalization of the structure. In the awareness of black inferiority, the black peoples try to mimic the white peoples traits and actions in order to be viewed as equal, but in doing so he or she turns into a mold of what the dominant culture wants and are no longer an individual. The black peoples now try to fulfill the expectations of the white peoples in order to be recognized as part of colonized Europeans.The harder one tries to become white, the more he or she rejects their native identity, but gains nothing as a result.
In wanting to be accepted by the universal, one internalizes the universals standards and will not be an individual, but rather a mold of what the universal says one should be. Language is the way in which one presents themselves to the universal. The black man seeks out to speak French like the colonized do in order to be accepted by them, “the more the black Antillean assimilates the French language, the whiter he gets; the closer he becomes to being a true human being” ( Fanon 2). The more fluent the black person can speak French, the more he or she is viewed as closer to being white. However, even if the black man can speak French fluently, he is viewed as an exception to the rule and not as part of the collective. He or she may be viewed as higher than the black peoples who do not speak French, but he will still be inferior to the white