Cardiac Catheterization Case Study

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What is the indication for this test or treatment?
The following symptoms are indications for cardiac catheterization: chest pain which can be from a heart attack, heart failure which may be from defect or heart valve disease and also an abnormal stress test which suggested that the patient has a heart disease. (NIH, Who needs cardiaccatherization2012,)
What is the nature of this test or treatment?
Angiography, also known as arteriography, is an imaging technique used with the injection of a radiopaque dye to visualize the inside or lumen of blood vessels and organs of the body with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers (Frank, 2007, p. 26).This technique can be used with cardiac catheterization. Cardiac catheterization is a procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions. During cardiac catheterization, a long thin tube called a catheter is inserted in an artery or vein in your groin, neck or arm and threaded through your blood vessels to your heart (Frank, 2007, p. 87-89). Also an angioplasty can be performed as well to assist with repair or to unblock an artery during a cardiac catheterization.
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Patients with congested heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart valve problem, high blood pressure in the lung, cardiac amyloidosis (abnormal protein that is deposited in the heart tissue), heart and blood vessel problems. As for any heart defects, cardiac catheterization is used for treatment and diagnosis (Frank, 2007, p.