Cardiac Disorders Essay

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CARDIAC DISORDERS
DISORDER

WHAT IT IS

S & S

TREATMENT/NURSING
INTERVENTIONS

MEDS

EXTRA
NOTES

CORONARY
HEART
DISEASE/
CORONARY
ARTERY
DISEASE

IMPAIRED BLOOD
FLOW TO THE
MYOCARDIUM BY
ATHEROSCLEROTIC
PLAQUE BUILD-UP IN
THE CORONARY
ARTERIES.

MAY BE
ASYMPTOMATIC
CAN LEAD TO
ANGINA PECTORIS,
ACUTE CORONARY
SYNDROME, MI,
DYSRYTHMIAS,
HEART FAILURE, OR
SUDDEN DEATH.

ASSESS CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
STATUS, VITALS, ANY
MANIFESTATIONS OF PAIN, SOB, OR
CHEST PAIN. ENCOURAGE LIFESTYLE
CHANGES TO INCLUDE DIET AND
EXERCISE, MED MANAGEMENT,
GRADUAL AND PROGRESSIVE DIET
CHANGES, SMOKING CESSATION.
DECREASE CHOLESTEROL, BP
MAINTAINED AT NORMAL LEVEL,
BLOOD SUGARS SHOULD BE KEPT IN
NORMAL RANGE IF DIABETIC.

ANTILIPEMICS
TO DECREASE
CHOLESTEROL,
ASPIRIN
THERAPY

2 CATEGORIES:
CHRONIC
ISCHEMIC
HEART
DISEASE—
STABLE AND
VASOPLASTIC
ANGINA, SILENT
MYOCARDIAL
ISCHEMIA.
ACUTE
CORONARY
SYNDROMEUNSTABLE
ANGINA,
MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION.

CARDIAC DISORDERS
DISORDER

WHAT IT IS

S & S

ANGINA
PECTORIS

CHEST PAIN CAUSED BY CHEST
PAIN,
REDUCED CORONARY
BLOOD FLOW. CAUSES SOB
TEMPORARY
IMBALANCE IN BLOOD
FLOW AND DEMAND.
DEMAND FOR BLOOD
FLOW AND O2
EXCEEDS THE AMOUNT
AVAILABLE.

TREATMENT/NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
ASSESS PAIN & STATUS OF
RESPIRATORY & CARDIAC
SYSTEMS, VITAL SIGNS. NITRO FOR
PAIN AND PERFUSION, O2, ALLOW
REST BETWEEN ACTIVITES,
SMOKING CESSATION, ASSESS
KNOWLEDGE & REINFORCE
TEACHING AS NEEDED. IF YOU ARE
PLACING TOPICAL NITRO ON A
PATIENT , ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES
SO YOU WILL NOT ABSORB THE
MEDICATION. ABSORBING NITRO
WILL GIVE YOU THE SAME EFFECTS
AND A TERRIBLE HEADACHE.

MEDS

EXTRA NOTES

NITRATES TO
DILATE VESSELS &
IMPROVE BLOOD
FLOW, BETA
BLOCKERS TO
REDUCE HR,
CONTRACTILITY, BP
TO DECREASE
WORKLOAD,
CALCIUM CHANNEL
BLOCKERS TO
REDUCE OXYGEN
DEMAND, INCREASE
SUPPLY, ASPIRIN TO
REDUCE PLATELET
AGGREGATION.

DUE TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS,
CORONARY HEART DISEASE,
OR VESSEL CONSTRICTIONS.
HYPERMETABOLIC
CONDITIONS (EXERCISE,
COCAINE USE,
HYPERTHYROIDISM,
EMOTIONAL STRESS) CAN
EXACERBATE. DIFFERENT
TYPES:
STABLE ANGINA-MOST
COMMON AND MOST
PREDICTABLE, OCCURS WITH
PREDICTABLE AMOUNT OF
EXERCISE OR STRESS.
PHYSICAL EXERTION,
EXPOSURE TO COLD, OR
STRESS CAUSES IT. RELEIVED
BY REST AND NITRATES.
PRINZMETAL’S (VARIANT)
ANGINA- UNPREDICTABLE
OFTEN AT NIGHT. CAUSED BY
CORONARY ARTERY SPASMS
WITH OR WITHOUT PLAQUE.
TREATED WITH CALCIUM
CHANNEL BLOCKERS.
UNSTABLE ANGINA-OCCURS
WITH INCREASING
FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, &
DURATION. PAIN

CARDIAC DISORDERS
UNPREDICTABLE AND
OCCURS WITH DECREASING
LEVELS OF ACTIVITY OR
STRESS & CAN OCCUR AT
REST. AT RISK FOR MI.
OCCURS WITH ACUTE
CORONARY SYNDROME
MOST OFTEN.

CARDIAC DISORDERS
DISORDER

WHAT IT IS

S & S

TREATMENT/NURSING
INTERVENTIONS

MEDS

EXTRA NOTES

ACUTE
CORONARY
SYNDROME (ACS)

UNSTABLE
MYOCARDIAL
ISCHEMIA WITH
UNSTABLE ANGINA.
OCCURS WITH
BLOOD FLOW IS
ACUTELY REDUCED
BUT NOT FULLY
OCLUDED, CELLS ARE
INJURED BY THE
ACUTE ISCHEMIA.

CHEST PAIN
USUALLY
SUBSTERNAL OR
EPIGASTRIC,
RADIATION TO
NEXK, LEFT
SHOULDER, AND/OR
LEFT ARM, MAY
OCCUR AT REST,
LAST LONGER THAN
10-20 MINUTES,
DYSPNEA,
DIAPHORESIS,
PALLOR, COOL SKIN,
NAUSEA &
VOMITING, LIGHTHEADEDNESS,
HYPOTENSION, OR
TACHYCARDIA.

ASSESS PT, CHEST PAIN,
CARDIAC STATUS, SKIN
COLOR, TEMP, RESPIRATORY
STATUS, VITALS, ASSESS FOR
ANY CHANGE IN LEVEL OF
CONCIOUSNESS… VITALS
FREQUENTLY, ADMINISTER
MEDS, MONITOR LABS,
ESTABLISH RAPPORT WITH PT
AND ALLOW TO VOICE THEIR
CONCERNS, ENCOURAGE
QUESTIONS, AND ANSWER
THOSE QUESTIONS.
ENCOURAGE DRUG USE
CESSATION.

NITRATES, BETA
BLOCKERS,
FIBRONOLYTIC MEDS
(SHOULD BE GIVEN
WITHIN 30 MINUTES1 HOUR OF ARRIVAL
TO ER), ASPIRIN,
ANTIPLATELET MEDS

DIAGNOSIS- EKG AND
LAB VALUES
(TROPONIN, CK,
CKMB) MAY BE ST
ELEVATION OR
DEPRESSION BUT
NOT ALWAYS.

CARDIAC DISORDERS

MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION
(ACUTE MI)

NECROSIS OR
DEATH OF
MYOCARDIAL CELLS,
THIS IS A LIFETHREATENING
EVENT. IF
CIRCULATION IS
NOT PROMPTLY
RESTORED
FUNCTION OF CELLS
WILL BE LOST AND
WILL AFFECT
HEARTS ABILITY TO
MAINTAIN CARDIAC
OUTPUT. WILL LEAD
TO
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