Cardiac Hypertrophy Research Paper

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Cardiac hypertrophy

Myocardium is an organ that pumps blood all through the body. in the normal states, it supplies a constant steady blood volume to all of the body, and the balance between supply and demand of the body's tissues are maintained as well. disruption of this mechanism of balance between supply and demand due to stress either pathologically (increased thyroid hormones and hypertension) or physiologically(exercises, pregnancy) make then heart response by increasing the rate and stroke volume in situations in which the changes in the demand is a short term, the response is acute and isn't associated by myocardial structure alteration. although as the prolonged demand is happened, the myocardial structure changes irreversibly occurred …show more content…
Myocardial mass increases in a similar way in both physiological and pathological hypertrophy; however homogeneous growth is seen in physiological hypertrophy with an equivalent increase in both the myocyte and non-myocyte components, and tissue homogeneity is preserved. While, pathological hypertrophy is non-homogeneous with an increase in apoptotic and necrotic cell death. The dead myocytes are then replaced with an unequally distribution of cardiac fibroblasts, prompting exorbitant amounts of interstitial febrile collagen, inducing fibrosis and eventually causing a decrease in heart work, while physiological hypertrophy is manifested by normal or enhanced contractile function and architecture of cardiac structure. Briefly, in physiological hypertrophy, the change occurring is reversible while that of pathological hypertrophy will be …show more content…
Signaling pathways in physiological hypertrophy include the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 and protein kinase B (Akt). Inversely, Signaling pathways in pathological hypertrophy include p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and ERK1/2 [1]. Briefly, many changes occur during pathological hypertrophy including fibrosis, an increased rate of myocyte death, and decreased systolic and diastolic function, eventually leading to many heart disorders. Conversely, physiological hypertrophy is induced by stress . The changes that occur are reversible and the cardiac structure and function still
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