Cell and Citric Acid Cycle Essay

Submitted By Keeva43
Words: 1000
Pages: 4
Open Document
BIOL 108 Human Biology
Worksheet 2; Week 2

Answer the following questions and save it as a word document (.doc or .docx are acceptable formats; .wps files cannot be opened by the D2L site and are not to be used) and submit it to Dropbox Worksheet 2 by Sunday of week #2 by midnight Central Standard Time for full credit. When the question asks you to explain, describe, or detail something, make sure you completely answer the question for full credit. Late worksheets will receive 20% off per day late; after five days late it is an automatic zero. One submission per assignment only; I will grade the first submission in the dropbox, once an assignment has received a grade, it cannot be re-submitted for a higher grade.

1. Define a cell: A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms which exist as independent units of life or may form colonies or tissues in higher plants and animals

2. Identify the two basic types of cells: Eukaryotes (having a nucleus) and prokaryotes (without a nucleus)

3. Explain the basic organization of a plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer which is embedded by proteins. The phospholipids are part of the outward surface and inside surface of the membrane.

4. What is a”selectively permeable “membrane? It is a membrane in cells that only allows certain molecules and ions etc in.

5. Define diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration and Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane

6. What is a similarity between osmosis and diffusion? Both involve movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration and both occur in both living and non living things

7. Explain what happens to a cell when placed in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution the cell remains its normal size, when place in a hypotonic solution the cell it expands and gets larger and when placed in a hypertonic solution it gets smaller or shrinks.

8. Identify a similarity and difference between facilitated transport and active transport. The differences is that in facilitated transport molecules are transported from higher to a side of lower concentration and in active transport the molecules move from lower to higher. The similarities are that they both involve the transport of molecules.

9. What is the function of a lysosome, Golgi apparatus and mitochondrion? Lysosome transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal, Golgi apparatus is involved in processing, packaging and secretion and mitochondrion recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea

10. What structures are associated with cell movement? Microtubules and actin filaments are the structures associated with cell movement.

11. What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? What type of macromolecule do each produce? The difference between rough ER and smooth ER is that rough ER is studded with ribosomes (the molecules where proteins are made) and smooth ER- termed smooth because it does not have any ribosomes and its smooth appearance under a microscope

12. What three fibers are associated with the cytoskeleton? Microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments

13. What is the function of cellular respiration? The function of cellular respiration is to break down molecules and generate or produce ATP.

14. What vital function does oxygen serve in the human body? Oxygen helps metabolize food, and is used as fuel to burn glucose which helps our body produce energy. Cells also use oxygen to produce ATP.

15. List and describe the three major steps in cellular respiration. The three major steps are glycolysis which involves the breaking down of glucose molecules from carbohydrates into molecules of pyruvate, the citric acid cycle which completes the
Show More

Related Documents: Cell and Citric Acid Cycle Essay

Nutrition: Metabolism and Acetyl Coa Essay

CHAPTER 7 Metabolism: All chemical reactions within organisms that enable them to maintain life. * Two main categories: Catabolism and anabolism * Most active metabolism sites include your liver, muscle, and brain cells. * Body needs energy even during sleep * Our cells get their energy from * Chemical energy: Energy contained in the bonds between atoms of molecules. * Chemical energy in foods and beverages come from the sun. * Green plants use light energy to make carbohydrates…

Words 4051 - Pages 17

Evaluating How Cell "Breathe" Essay examples

Evaluating How Cells “Breathe” BSC2010 Section 905 Abstract Cells “breathe” by a process known as cellular respiration. This can be aerobic or anaerobic. To test how anaerobic respiration works, yeast was used for fermentation, a form of anaerobic respiration. To test cellular respiration with the presence of oxygen, mitochondria from lima beans were evaluated. Introduction Cellular Respiration Just like humans…

Words 2273 - Pages 10

Cellular Respiration

It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and requires oxygen. The Kreb Cycle, also called the triacarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or citric acid cycle, is a series of biochemical reactions in which the large amount of potential chemical energy stored in Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA ) is released step by step. (Medical Prep Institute Tampa Bay (2014). In this cycle, a series of oxidations and reductions transfer that potential energy, in the form of electrons, to electron-carrier…

Words 892 - Pages 4

Examples Of Enzymes From Fructose Metabolism

the cytoplasm to keep breaking down glucose. This leads to a cycle and a decrease in glucose being able to released back into the system. Eventually, you become hypoglycemic. The symptoms include: shaking, irritability, & nausea. • Another complication is with free phosphate pools in the cell decreasing. Frucktokinase will still be functioning and producing F-1-P. The phosphate is stuck and this continues. The free phosphates in the cell are necessary in the electron transport chain (ETC) to change…

Words 922 - Pages 4

Biochemistry-Metabolism Essay

Intolerance Metabolism is the process of cellular respiration. It involves three steps, 1) glycolysis, 2) the citric acid or Krebs cycle and 3) electron transport system. The glycolytic pathway or glycolysis is a metabolic process that leads to the formation of the energy source adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the body. ATP is essential to the cell and the cellular processes used by the cell. The first step, glycolysis is the process by which each molecule of glucose is converted to two pyruvate…

Words 1259 - Pages 6

Essay on PATHO Quiz 1 Info

building muscles is known as: anabolism 3. The breakdown in glycolysis into: two pyruvic acid molecules 4. When oxygen is not present, the net gain of ATP is: 2 5. The last step in glycolysis: production of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvic acid 6. If you get a cramp and there is lack of oxygen, the increase of glucose being broke down for energy: lactic acid 7. Malfunction of mitochondria affects what cycle: Citric Acid Cycle 8. FADH2 fed into the electron transport chain, how many ATP are produced: 2 9. Decrease…

Words 370 - Pages 2

Essay about Ch. 04 Study Guide

parts. an-without mut-change ana-up -zym causing to ferment cata-down de-undoing sub-under -strat spread out 2. Define Enzyme- Protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction Metabolism-The combined chemical reactions in cells that use or release energy Anabolism-Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones; anabolic metabolism Catabolism-Breakdown of large molecules; catabolic metabolism 3. A disaccharide is formed when two monosachharides (simple sugars) come together…

Words 2416 - Pages 10

What Are The Three Basic Forms Of Work And Give A Physiological Example Of Each?

of work and give a physiological example of each. Chemical Work – Enables cells and organisms to grow, maintain suitable internal environment and store information needed for reproductions, et al Transport Work – Enables cells to ions, molecules, and larger particles through cell membrane and through organelle membranes in the cell. Mechanical Work – At cellular level, moves organelles around in the cell, cells changing shape and cilia and flagella. 2. The 2nd law of…

Words 1120 - Pages 5

Cellular Respiration Research Paper

Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration As living things we all need energy to function and we get it from all food we eat. Cells get the energy from stored food through cellular respiration, an easy way for them to get ATP. ATP is an energy molecule. There are three phases of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. Phases #1: Glycolysis Glycolysis is the phase where sugar (glucose) is split into two molecule of a three carbon sugar…

Words 394 - Pages 2

Sequestration Of Coa Dehydrogenase (COA)

the mitochondria because it plays an essential role in transporting fatty acids from the cell cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix as well as feeding into the beginning of the citric acid cycle. Being able to continuously recycle CoA and make additional Acyl-CoA is critical to allow for prolonged functioning of the mitochondria. CoA allows for the recycling of carnitine for the carnitine shuttle, which brings fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidation. Sequestration of CoA as…

Words 201 - Pages 1