Nile Valley people were good in astronomy and developed a 365 day calendar. Their civilization was built with political centralization and was the axis between two early African civilizations, Egypt and Nubia. One the other hand, the Tigris Euphrates Valley was formed in southern Iraq and was known for having unpredictable floods that would occur. Unlike the Nile Valley using hieroglyphics, the Tigris Euphrates Valley developed a system of writing called cuneiform, which were wedged shaped characters pressed into clay tablets. They had a very fertile crescent, which led to them being huge into farming and trade. They were known for their metalwork, woolen textiles, and pottery, and consisted of three main groups, nobles, commoners, and slaves. The differences amongst the two civilizations such as being located in two different places, developing different kinds of writing, having different religions, and embracing agriculture verses technological aspects, included reasons for these differences. Not only were there reasons for their differences, but also for their similarities, such as both being fully established civilizations, both were surrounded by water, both developed gods that were part human and part animal, and both civilizations had written languages that were phonetic, although the methods used were