Essay on Daniel Webster and Economic Expansion Nationalism

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1816-1848

NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT

Essential Question
• Both nationalism and sectionalism increased during the Era of Good Feelings. How did both of these beliefs develop concurrently, and did one become of greater importance in the economics and politics of the period?

The Era of Good Feelings
• Election of 1800 & 1816
– End of Federalists
– Monroe only loses 1 electoral vote in 1820 (John Q. Adams)

• James Monroe
• Themes:
– Nationalism
– One party?
– Manifest Destiny
• Western & Economic Expansion

Nationalism
• Cultural
– Nationalism & Patriotism emerge in art, literature, and education

• Economic
– Clay’s American System
– Tariff of 1816
– Panic of 1819

• Political
– New Leadership in Congress
• Webster (MA), Calhoun (SC)

– Split in the Democratic-Republican Party

• Judicial
–
–
–
–
–

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1821)

1.
2.
3.

Build Infrastructure: roads & canals Protective Tariffs
National Bank: 2nd Bank of the
U.S

New U.S. Supreme Court
Marbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
• Constitution forbids state laws “impairing” contracts (even corrupt ones) First major decision to find a state law in violation of the Constitution
Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)
(Dartmouth College Case) “sanctity of contracts”
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Elastic (“necessary & proper”) clause
Gibbons v. Ogden (1821)
“Steamboat Case” Commerce Clause

Early Western Expansion
• Causes
– Acquisition of Indian Land
• Harrison & Jackson

– Economic Pressures
• Need for land – cash crops
– Tobacco & cotton

• Improved Transportation
– Canals, roads, steamboats, RR’s

• Immigration
– Irish & German

• Issues w/Western Expansion
– “Cheap money”
– Cheap Land
– Improved Transportation

Missouri Compromise (1820)
• North-South Balance
– Representation
– Slavery

• Tallmadge Amendment
– Prohibit further slavery in Missouri
– Require gradual emancipation

• Clay’s Proposals
– Admit Missouri as slave-holding
– Admit Maine as free
– Prohibit slavery above 36º30’

• Results:
– Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
– Jefferson:
• "like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union."

Foreign Affairs
• Canada
– Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
– Treaty of 1818

• Florida
– First Seminole War (1817-1818)
– Florida Purchase
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