Describe The Relationship Between Insulin And Glucose

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In a normal body Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin after food is consumed. This insulin decreases production of glucose form the liver and allows cells to absorb the glucose that has been ingested. Glucose will be absorbed through a process called facilitated diffusion into the cell (Gebel, 2012). Glucose reabsorption happens through secondary active transport and facilitated diffusion with the help of proteins in the kidneys. (Stanfield, 2015). Iindividuals who have type 2 diabetes have multiple different problems involving insulin and glucose. There are beta-cell dysfunctions as well as insulin abnormalities. Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is caused by these abnormalities (Cooppan, 2015). It causes poor circulation and possible heart disease (Diabetes …show more content…
Insulin resistance may be caused by something blocking those signals. Various normal biological things can interfere with the IRS (insulin receptor substrate) protein like threonine residues (Stumvoll et al, 2007). Insulin resistance is when the beta-cells are making insulin that do not have the correct biological effect on glucose disposal and suppressive qualities on the liver. This is accompanied by an increase in glucagon in the fasting states of the body. Continued production of glucose by the liver adds to hyperglycemia. A condition called hyperglucagonaemia may also be the reason for the onset of hyperglycemia and diabetes. It is a paraneoplastic phenomenon characterized by an islet alpha-cell pancreatic tumor (Quesada et al, 2008). This high blood glucose may cause damage to the large or small blood vessels. Overtime it can harden the arteries causing blood pressure to go up, thicken capillary walls, make blood vessels leak, or even make the blood sticky. This reduces the ability of blood to circulate through the capillaries and get to the tissues causing poor circulation (Diabetes Learning Center,
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