Dysphagia Research Paper

Words: 1864
Pages: 8
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Omar Gonzalez
Dysphagia
April 29,2015
CSDO 4336 – Adult Neurology and Language Disorders

Abstract Dysphagia is the difficulty swallowing; it may also be painful to some people. Dysphagia can occur at any stage of the swallowing process, it involves weakness of the muscles of the mouth and tongue making it difficulty to move the food around the mouth and swallowing it. Some patients are unable to swallow at all, and others require the change in texture of foods and liquids to make it easier and safer to swallow. Dysphagia leads to other medical illnesses like aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, airway obstruction, weight loss and dehydration. Dysphagia may increase with age and mainly affects the elderly patients. Dysphagia occurs …show more content…
This process occurs in four stages. The first stage is, the oral preparatory stage, and it is the process of breaking down the food into a bolus. The second stage is, Oral stage, this is when the bolus is sent to the back of the mouth for swallowing. The third stage is, pharyngeal stage, this is when the bolus is sent from the throat to the esophagus. The last stage is, esophageal stage, it is the process where the bolus is sent to the stomach. Dysphagia may occur at any process of swallowing. There are several causes of dysphagia in adults. The causes are divided into two categories: damage to the nervous system and problems that affected the neck and head. Some of the nervous system causes include: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Some of the causes that affect the neck and head are: injury involving the neck or head, surgery in the head or neck, decayed teeth, or missing teeth, and having cancer in the throat, mouth or …show more content…
It is essential for a person with Parkinson’s disease and swallowing problems to be evaluated by a doctor together with an SLP to determine the severity of dysphagia, and decrease the chance of aspiration. Tests can be done for example: using an endoscopy, and Modified Barium Swallow Study. Some of the complications a patient with Parkinson’s disease and dysphagia may have, are: malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, choking due to food or saliva remaining at the back of the throat because it cannot be swallowed. Coughing or drooling while eating, or right after eating resulting in patients to eventually not enjoy eating. Also weight loss when dysphagia is severe. Treatments for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease include: swallowing therapy provided by an SLP who is specialized in swallowing disorders. Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the mouth, and modifying posture techniques like having the head forward while consuming foods or liquids and sitting up straight. Also if dysphagia is severe a feeding tube will be
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