Exam 2 Essay

Submitted By rootew
Words: 1132
Pages: 5
Open Document
CHM 461—Exam #2 A Name__________________________________
03/15/13
1 (10 pts) Assume that the sugar A = D-mannose.

A  B  C  D

Sugar B is the enantiomer of A
Sugar C is the C5-epimer of sugar B
Sugar D is the aldo-keto isomer of sugar C

a. Draw the Fischer structures of sugars A, B, C, & D.
b. Now draw the Haworth structure of the α-furanose form of sugar D.

2 (4 pts)The melting point of stearic acid is 70 °C. The structure of lactobacillic acid is shown to the right. Is the melting point of lactobacillic acid higher or lower than that of stearic acid ? Briefly explain your answer.

3 a. (4 pts) Give the name and abbreviation for the following molecule, and identify the specific linkage that is indicated by the arrow.

____________________________________________________ (name and abbreviation)

________________________________ (type of linkage)
4 (5 pts) Nucleotides are used for many things besides DNA and RNA. For instance, CDP-choline is the intermediate that is used to add the “polar head” to a diacylglycerol in the biosysnthesis of lecithin. Modify the structure of choline (given below) to draw the structure of CDP-choline. Scracth out any atom(s) you need to in order to connect choline to the rest of the molecule. Identify all phospoester and phosphoanhydride linkages in this structure.

5 (3 pts) Which of the following statements concerning the DNA double helix (“B form”) is not true?
a. The nucleotides are linked together by 3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds
b. The base pairs are “stacked” on the inside of the double helix
c. Each base pair is attached to adjacent base pairs by H-bond interactions
d. Each turn of the helix contains ~10 base pairs
e. There is a major groove and a minor groove where the edges of the base pairs are exposed and available for binding by various DNA-binding proteins

6 ( 5 pts) a Which structures from the Page O’ Structures are considered to be terpenes? Classify each one listed as a monoterpene, diterpene, triterpene, etc.?
______________________________________________________

b. Which of those structures actually is a bile salt ________________ and what about its structure allows it to perform its chief biological function?

7 (3 pts) Which of the following substances is most different from the other three?
a. ganglioside
b. cerebroside
c. phosphatidyl serine
d. sphingomyelin

8 (4 pts) In addition to lactose, how many other heterodisaccharides can D-galactose and D-glucose form?

9 (6 pts) The structure of sphingosine is given below. Using this structure as a foundation, draw the structure of a cerebroside (a glycosphingolipid) that contains an aldohexose that is not D-Glc. Scribble out the atoms on sphingosine that will be lost when the other components are linked to sphingosine to form the cerebroside. Identify by name the molecules that you add and identify the linkages that bond them to the sphingosine residue. (12 pt)

10 (8 pts) Raffinose is -D-Gal (1-6) -D-Glc (1-2) -D-Fru. It is a trisaccharide present in beans, broccoli, cabbage, etc. Humans do not possess an α-galactosidase enzyme necessary to break down raffinose. Thus, when ingested, it passes undigested through the stomach and small intestine. However, bacteria in the colon have the necessary enzymes to degrade and ferment raffinose to produce CO2, CH4 and/or H2 gasses - leading to the flatulence commonly associated with eating beans and other vegetables. Digestive aids such as Beano® contain an α-galactosidase.
a. Using Haworth Projections, draw the structure of raffinose.
b. Is raffinose a reducing sugar or non-reducing sugar?
c. Draw an arrow to the bond that is hydrolyzed by the α-galactosidase in Beano®.
d. Give the common and systematic names of the products
Show More

Related Documents: Exam 2 Essay

Cas Study 2 Exam 2 Exam

METHODS SEMESTER 2 EXAM 2 2012. CHAPTERS EXAMINABLE Chapter 13 (Combinatorics) [Ex. 13.4 and 13.5 only] Chapter 6 (Rates of Change) Chapter 9 (Circular Functions) [Exclude Ex. 9.1) Chapter 10 (Exponential and Logarithmic Functions) Chapter 11 (Differential Calculus) Chapter 12 (Applications of Calculus) STRUCTURE OF EXAM SECTION A: 20 Multiple Choice Questions (20 marks) SECTION B: 5 Extended Answer Questions (55 marks) TOTAL: 75 marks HINTS FOR EXAM Use of CAS The Exam is CAS active…

Words 803 - Pages 4

Essay on Exam 2

Marketing 3740 Advertising and Promotion Exam 2 Study Guide Fall 2013 Following are topics and concepts that relate to the questions on Exam 2 . Use this as a guide to focus your study for the Exam, but don’t limit it to these concepts only, and make sure that you read and study the complete concept. There are 50 multiple choice questions ( 2 points ea = 100 points available) on this Exam, and you will be using a scan sheet to record your answers. Exam 2 will be given in-class only on the specified…

Words 319 - Pages 2

Glossary For Exam 2

Glossary for exam 3 α: The symbol for level of significance (probability of making a type I error) β: The probability of failing to reject (accepting) a false null hypothesis (probability of making a type II error) Alternative hypothesis: The hypothesis that the researcher wants to prove or verify; a statement about the value of a parameter that is either “less than,” “greater than,” or “not equal to.” ANOVA (Analysis of Variance): a statistical procedure for testing the equality of multiple…

Words 843 - Pages 4

exam 2 Essay

Seizures: Consists of loss of consciousness, abnormal body movement or motor activity, abnormal behavior, or sensory involvement. Some patients experience an aura prior to a seizure. Some causes are unknown but some are at greater risk from head trauma be it acute or in their history. If cause is unknown it is idiopathic , typically starting at a young age. New onset seizures usually slows down until the older years then can be contributed to other co-morbidities such as stroke, dementia, diabetes…

Words 1251 - Pages 6

Essay on Exam 2

§ Engage Education Foundation Units 3 and 4 English Practice Exam Question Booklet Duration: 15 minutes reading time, 3 hours writing time Structure of book: Section Number of questions A B C 21 4 1    Number of questions to be answered 1 1 1 Total Number of marks 20 20 20 60 Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers and rulers. Students are not permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape…

Words 3153 - Pages 13

Essay on Exam 2

the WACC rate Bonds $4,000,000 Preferred Stock $2,000,000 Common Stock $6,000,000 Sell Bonds paying /yr 7% Coupon rate $73.50 Floatation Costs for Bonds 4% of Market Price $1,050 Preferred Stock Paying $2 can be sold for $25 Cost of issuing these shares $3 Common Stock Selling $55 Paid Dividend $3 expect to grow 10% Floatation Costs for C Stock: $5 /share Companies Tax Rate 30% Required Return = Initial Dividend + Growth…

Words 393 - Pages 2

EXAM 2 Essay

1-established new government structure= new government hierarchy that still stands today -department secretary -agency director -program managers -street level bureaucrats= post office, cops, teachers, garbage collectors 2-specialization: individuals are specialists in their field in specialized offices 3- Clear cut responsibilities= “sub- descriptions” so that people know exactly what they’re doing 4-standard operating procedures= system of rules which clearly guide…

Words 1917 - Pages 8

Marketing Exam 2 Essay

Marketing Exam 2. Version A. 1) Pricing are relatively the same if to compare some of the Ralph Lauren lines (the cheaper ones) to Jack Wills prices, however Lauren has more then 10 lines that each of them concentrate on specific market and people. 2) Ralph Lauren target market is people from age 20-60 from upper class and Jack Wills has a specific market that targets students from middle\upper class. 3) Ralph Lauren has ‘The World of Lauren’ in the main page (easy to see) that describes in deep…

Words 776 - Pages 4

Unit 2 Exam Essay

What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution on mass society? The Industrial Revolution took place in history from 1790-1870 and it had a profound influence on mass society because it led to worldwide urbanization. The other effects were felt by the end no feudalism and the rise of socialism, communism and capitalism. Leading up to the revolution, for 1300 years starting from the fall of Rome to the dawn of the Industrial Revolution…

Words 994 - Pages 4

Essay on Phil Exam 2

Human nature – Different Views Traditional rationalist view of human nature: Man is a rational animal Man’s possession of a rational soul implies he is different in KIND and in DEGREE from the rest of the animal kingdom. Evidence: Only man can understand the nature of things Only man philosophizes Only man engages in scientific reasoning and research to understand the nature of the natural world Both animal and man can perceive the moon, but only man understands what the moon is and invented the…

Words 753 - Pages 4