The association between Halloween and witches became even stronger during the Protestant monarchy of James I, when a notable witch trial occurred in 1590. Dozens of Scots were accused of attempting to harm James and his future wife, Anne of Denmark, by gathering on Halloween night, riding the sea in sieves, and causing storms by tossing live cats tied to human body parts into the water. The Devil is perhaps the most controversial emblem associated with Halloween. Often depicted in connection with the holiday, the Devil is a figure that opposes Christianity and goes by various names, including Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Mephistopheles. Some historians suggest that the Devil may have been introduced as a way to demonize horned pagan gods like Pan and Cernunnos. In a notable event from 1597, Thomas Leyis, a Scottish man accused of witchcraft, was said to have attended a midnight gathering on Halloween with his mother and other witches, where they claimed the Devil was present, leading and controlling them as they danced around crosses and the