All occupational categories in the public health infrastructure contributed to the response to this pandemic crisis and its solution. These categories are public health administration, environmental and occupational health, public health nursing, epidemiology and disease control, public health education and information, other public health professionals such as laboratory workers, doctors, pharmacists, veterinarians, and social workers, and public health program occupations such as the emergency response teams, the public information specialists, the policy analysts, and the community outreach workers in the CDC, the HHS, the World Health Organization (WHO), state health departments, and local health departments (Turnock, page 150).
The competencies needed for public health workers are as follows: analytic/assessment skills, policy development/program planning skills, communication skills, cultural competency skills, community dimension of practice skills, public health sciences skills, financial planning and management skills, and leadership and systems thinking skills (Turnock,